104 Orthorrhapha brachycera. 



or less distinct notopleural and postalar bristles, and somewhat strong 

 scutellar marginal bristles; metapleura likewise with a vertical tuft of 

 long hairs. Abdomen quite as in Hemipenthes, and the male and 

 female genitalia of the same shape, the male genitalia likewise un- 

 symmetrically turned. Legs with bristles on the ventral side of the 

 posterior femora and on the posterior tibiæ, front tibiæ smooth or 

 with small bristles; posterior tarsi with bristles, front tarsi with deli- 

 cate, erect hairs on both surfaces; posterior tibiæ with apical spurs. 

 Claws of medium size, smallest on the front tarsi; pulvilli wanting, or 

 rudimentary (mmirus), or at all events small {velutinus). Empodium 

 very small and rudimentary. Wings as in Hemipenthes; the upper 

 branch of the cubital vein may be with or without a veinlet, even in 

 the same species. Costa with a hook at the base; in some species 

 (the clear-winged) with a fan-shaped, patagium-like piece of scaly hairs 

 at the base, concealing the hook. Alula and alar squamula fringed 

 with somewhat scaly hairs; frenulum with long hairs. 



Of the developmental stages I have examined the larva and pupa 

 o{ A.fenestratus (from Algeria). The larva is almost cylindrical, slightly 

 flattened on the ventral side, and tapering somewhat abruptly towards 

 each end. The body consists of thirteen segments. The head is small 

 and retractile; the mouth parts consist of a rather broad, somewhat 

 triangular labrum, small, compressed mandibles which are hidden under 

 the labrum, and large and broad maxillæ, each with a palpus. Above, 

 at each side of the labrum, there is an exceedingly small antennal(?) 

 papilla. Along the lateral margins of the body each segment has a 

 slight svvelling. The larva is amphipneustic with small spiracles on 

 prothorax and on the penultimate segment. — Larvæ of species of 

 Anthrax are figured by Westwood (Introd. to the modern Class. of 

 Ins. II, 546, Fig. 129, 1) and Riley {A. hypomelas, Insect Life II, 354, 

 fig. a); after these figures the larvæ in question agree with the above 

 description. Brauer (Denkschr. Kais. Akad. Wiss, Wien, Mat. Nat. Cl. 

 XLVII, 1883, Taf. V, Fig. 104—105) figures the head of a larval skin 

 of A. hottentottus (flavus) ; he figures and describes a hooked labrum, 

 somewhat hook-shaped mandibles, maxillæ with a small palpus?, and 

 at each side above a small antennal papilla. — The pupa to a high 

 degree resembles the pupa of Hemipenthes, showing more or less similar 



to Argyramoeba, and Bezzi (Zeitschr. f. syst. Hymenopterol. und Dipterol. 

 VIII, 31) says with regard to Anthrax (his Hemipenthes) about the third 

 joint: „mit nicht abgeschnittenem Endgriffel." As seen above this is not 

 correct, as it does not hold good with regard to all species. Bezzi says also 

 (1. c. .34) that the genus is ,ein Gemisch von verschiedenen Formen", which is 

 certainly correct. 



