Bombyliidae. 105 



spines on the head, the same arrnature vvith chitinised staves on the 

 dorsal abdominal segments, but it has long hairs only on the first 

 dorsal segment, the other segments wanting these hairs. — The pupa 

 of hottentottus (flavus) is figured by Kiinckel d'Herculais (Bull. se. de 

 la Fr. et de la Belg. XXXIX, 143), the pupa of fenestratus by the 

 same author (Invas. des Acrid. vulgo Sauterelles en Algérie, I, 633, 

 fig. 1 — 3), and the pupa of the American species A. hyyomelas is figured 

 by Riley (1. c. fig. b — c). The arrnature of spines, especially on the 

 head, shows some difference according to the species, certainly in 

 accordance vvith the different materials which the pupa has to work 

 through before the escape of the imago, but otherwise the pupæ agree 

 in all chief respects, 



The biology of the larva is somewhat different in the different 

 species; some are parasitic on Lepidoptera ; A. hottentottus (flavus) 

 was breed from the pupa of Mamestra hrassicæ (Wahlb. Kgl. Sv. Vet. 

 Akad. Handl. 1838, 12), from the pupa of Dichronia aprilina (Mulsant, 

 Opusc. Entom. l^'" cah. 1852, 178), ivoxn. Agrotis par phyrea {y^esimSi^L's,^ 

 Vollenh. Niederl. Ins. 2, II, 1861, 195, Tab. XLVII, Fig. a, b, and Rit- 

 sema, Tijdschr. v. Entom. XII, 1869, 192, Tab. VII, Fig. 2), ivom Agrotis 

 segetum and forcipula (Brauer, Denkschr. Kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. 

 Nat. Cl. XLVII, 1883, 61), from Noctuid pupæ not determined (Kiin- 

 ckel d'Herculais, Bull. se. de la Fr. et de la Belg. XXXIX, 143), and 

 finally from pupæ of Panolis piniperda (Vassihew, Zeitschr. f. wiss. 

 Insektenbiol. I, 1905, 174). The American species A. hypomelas was 

 bred from Agrotis herilis; A. alternatus (scrobiculatus) from some 

 Agrotid pupa and A. molitor from Taeniocampa rufula? (Riley, Insect 

 Life, II, 1889—90, 353), Other species feed upon locust eggs, thus 

 A. fenestratus has been bred from the egg-cases of Stauronotus 

 maroccanus (Kunckel d'Herculais, Invas. des Acrid. vulgo Sauterelles 

 en Algérie, 1893, and Gompt. Rend. Acad. Se. GXVIII, 1894, 926) and 

 from egg-cases of the mentioned Stauronotus and of Stetheophyma 

 flavicosta (Portchinsky, Les parasites des criqu. nuis. en Russie, 

 St. Petersb. 1895, 9). Finally some species infest Hymenoptera and 

 Diptera parasitic on Lepidoptera; A. maurus was bred from cocoons 

 of Ophion and Banchus, parasitic on Panolis piniperda (Portchinsky, 

 1. c. 14) ; A. velutinus was bred from pupæ of Masicera silvatica, para- 

 sitical on Dendrolimis pini (Vassiliew, 1. c). (About these two species 

 possibly belonging to Hemipenthes see under this genus). In all cases 

 the larva, after having devoured the host or the egg-mass, hibernates 

 resting as full grown, the pupation and development taking place the 

 following summer. In the cases where the Anthrax larva lives in 

 other larvæ, these latter pupate before they are destroyed, and the 



