136 Orthorrhapha brachycera 



The male genitalia consist of a small and hidden eighth segment both 

 the dorsal and ventral piates of which are excised in the middle of 

 the hind margin, the dorsal plate most; then follows above a plate 

 which is likewise excised in the hind margin and in the excision are 

 inserted two smal lamellæ; below there lie two pieces which together 

 may be term ed a pair of forceps, they are thick and sAvoUen at the 

 base and with a hook-shaped, somewhat complicated, upwards curved 

 apex. The shape of the single pieces of the genitalia may differ 

 somewhat in the different species. The female genitalia consist of an 

 ovipositor formed by a long eighth, generally visible segment with 

 some small, spiny appendages at the end, not unlike the spine-combs 

 found in the Bombyliids. The legs are somewhat slender, the femora 

 more or less long haired, more so in the male than in the female; 

 tibiæ and tarsi short haired; there are rather strong bristles on the 

 front side of the coxæ towards the apex, on the ventral side of the 

 femora and on the tibiæ; the tarsi also have some bristles; all tibiæ 

 with apical spurs. Glaws not strong; there are two pulvilli but no 

 empodium. Wings with the cubital vein forked, the fourth posterior 

 cell open or closed, the anal cell closed. Alula well developed; squa- 

 mula alaris likewise well developed, with a short fringe at the margin, 

 squamula thoracalis not developed, frenulum distinct, broad towards 

 the angulus. In rest the wings are borne somewhat open, in some 

 species {annulata, anilis) only slightly open, nearly parallel. 



The larvæ are very characteristic; they are vermiform, long, 

 cylindrical, pointed towards each end and of a hard consistence; the 

 colour is white. The body consists apparently of twenty segments, 

 the head included ; we get this number because behind each of the 

 first six abdominal segments there is a somewhat shorter, segment- 

 like part or intermediate segment, and further one of the foUowing 

 segments, I think the one bearing the posterior spiracles, must be 

 considered as belonging to the same category; in this way we get 

 thirteen genuine segments. The head is small, chitinised, brown; the 

 mouth parts consist of a hooked labrum, likewise hook-shaped man- 

 dibles, and less chitinized maxillæ, each with a palpus. There is a 

 small antennal papilla above on the front part, but there are no 

 eyes. The head has some bristles; the three thoracic segments each 



not found between the first and second segments, but between all the following, 

 and they decrease in breadth towards the apex ; they are very narrow between 

 the fifth and sixth and between the sixth and seventh segments, and they are 

 often not seen here. Their presence or absence and their breadth cannot 

 therefore be used as characters, but on the other hånd their colour may be 

 somewhat sharacteristic. 



