158 Orthorrhapha brachycera. 



mattress among horse-hair. He mentions (p. 68) three larvæ of which 

 Low had spoken (ibid. XI, 1861, 395) and which were found in the 

 nest of a swallow and were by Low recorded as Thereva larvæ, but 

 which Frauenfeld, probably correctly, thinks are larvæ of Scenopinus. 

 S. niger was bred by Damianitch (Verh. k. k. zool. bot. Geseli. Wien. 

 XV, 1865, 237) from a pupa found in an elm-tree in a cocoon of 

 Sat'urnia pyri which contained the remains of the Saturnia pupa, 

 Jaennicke mentions (Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. 1867, 78) the same species 

 bred from decaying wood. Packard (Proc. Essex Inst. 1867, 93) men- 

 tions and figures a Scetiopinus larva about which it is stated, that it 

 was feeding on carpets. Perris (Ins. du pin marit. Ann. de la Soc. 

 Ent. de France, 1870, 226) found larvæ and pupæ of S. fenestralis 

 in a branch of Cratægus which contained larvæ of Ptinus germanus, 

 and in pine boards with larvæ of Hylotrupes bajulus; he observed a 

 Scenopinus larva devouring a pupa of Hylotrupes; he also mentions 

 a pupa of Lucilia dispar found in a swallow's nest and containing a 

 Scenopinus. Waterhouse (Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881; Ent. Month, 

 Mag. 1882) bred S. fenestralis from the root of Aconitum. Hagen 

 (Ganad. Entom. XVIII, 129) mentions the larva of S. fenestralis {pal- 

 lipes) found under a carpet near the empty case of a Tinea. — The 

 larva very much resembles the larva of Thereva. It is elongated, 

 cylindrical, hard to the touch and Ukewise apparently consisting of 

 twenty segments; the head is small, brown; at the apex of the body 

 there are two small styles. The larva moves with serpent-like move- 

 ments. The pupa also resembles that of Thereva, it is somewhat 

 slender, on the front side of the head lie the antennal sheaths as 

 two spines directed to each side. The abdominal segments have 

 girdles of spines and bristles and along the sides on each segment 

 there is a protuberance with bristles; the apex terminates in two 

 conical projections each with a bristle. 



The larvæ are certainly carnivorous ; according to the statements 

 recorded above the larva of S. fenestralis seems to live in houses, 

 probably feeding on larvæ of moths, on Psocids and the like; this 

 is in accordance with the common occurrence of fenestralis on the 

 Windows; but according to Bouché the larva seems also to live in 

 the open as he found it in tree-fungi, this also is not improbable, the 

 larva then feeding on other larvæ present there. A record by Assmus 

 (Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1863, 401) that he had found the larva of fenestralis 

 in overripe strawberries ist most probably due to an error as he de- 

 scribes the pupa as enclosed in a light cocoon. The larva of niger 

 seems to live in the open. According to the records the larva seems to 

 hibernate, the development to pupa and imago taking place in spring. 



