TllK ('(K'CinAE OF CALIFOKXIA. -io 



glands. There is a row of thick, blunt spines on each margin, and one 

 on the dorsum. These marginal spines are shaped like a spearhead set 

 in a socket. With these there are several rows of round spinnerets. 

 Rostrum attached to a prominence, which, however, varies with the 

 position the insect adopts. End of abdomen strongly chitinized, with 

 the margin strongly crenate and plicate, and deeply cleft in the middle 

 as in Eulecanium. Numerous round glands scattered near its margin, 

 and several strong spines on margin at intervals. Anal ring with 

 numerous (eight?) stout hairs. On the ventral surface opposite the 

 anal ring there is a round projection with four stout spines. This i? 

 inserted in the cleft of the anal lobes. 



On roots of bunch-grass. 



Physokermes insigrnicola Craw. 



This is a large, almost spherical dark brownish-black scale which 

 infests the Monterey pines {Pinus insignis). When a tree becomes 

 infested it presents a sickly, 

 stunted appearance, with scant ^"-^-^^^ 

 foliage, and is covered with 

 honey-dew and black fungus. 



The scales cluster very thickly fig. 20. Physokn-mr.'i in.'<igni<-ola, a large, almo>t 



around the small shoots and black, spherical scale, infesting the Monterey 



pines. 



usually at the tip of the 



branches. They are oviparous, with but one generation a year. The 

 young are elongated, dark brown in color, with a short fringe along the 

 edges and a deep abdominal cleft. As soon as they hatch they attack 

 the tender pine shoots, afterwards removing to the harder wood, where 

 they locate permanently. 



The Rhiznhius ventralis (Coccinellid) and an internal parasite do 

 good work toward controlling the ravages of this pest. In isolated 

 cases, however, where the insect enemies of this scale have not made 

 their appearance, I have found many trees that have been killed by 

 the scale. 



Subfamily DIASPINiE. 



Chionaspis optholobis Comst. 



(Willow Scale.) 



Scale of Feviale.— Moderately elongated, broadest near the middle of 

 the scale; dirty white. Exuviae .8 mm. long, brown. 



Female. — Median lobes straight and parallel, having the appearance 

 of being set closely together; rounded on their extremities, sometimes 

 obscurely serrate on the sides. Second and third pairs, with the inner 

 lobule larger than the outer, a little oblique; entire or obscurely serrate. 



