THE COCCIDAE OF CALIFORNIA. 



69 



the first, and is deeply incised; mesal lobule with mesal margin as long 

 as lateral margin of the first lobe, and rounded posteriorly; lateral 

 lobule about half the length and width of mesal lobule, and similar 

 in shape. Third lobule obsolete. The plates are long, simple, and 

 tapering. 



Eggs. — These are white, and are arranged irregularly under the scale. 



Scale of Male. — The scale of the male of this species is usually 

 straight and of the same color as that of the female. At about one quar- 

 ter of the length of 

 the scale from the 

 posterior extrem- 

 ity, the scale is 

 thin, forming a 

 hinge which allows 

 the posterior part 

 of it to be lifted 

 by the male as he 

 emerges. Length, 

 .06 of an inch. 



The male is 

 translucent, cor- 

 neous gray, with a 

 dorsal transverse 



band on each joint, and the portions of the mesothorax and metathorax 

 darker, or purplish gray, with the members somewhat lighter. 



According to climate and locality the young scale hatch from the 

 middle of March to June. Color, yellow\ They begin to form the cot- 

 tony excretion after twenty-four hours, and in from two to four days the 

 insect is completely covered with a dense excretion, which increases as 

 the larva grows. 



On apple, pear, plum, hawthorn. 



In several of the older apple orchards of the State this species can 

 be found in limited numbers, also in the grounds of private residences 

 where the trees are neglected. An internal parasite and predaceous 

 insects prey on this species, causing a partial check to its increase. 



FIG. 33. Lepidosaphes ulmi (Oyster-shell Scale). 1, egg; 2, young 

 insect (larva); S, appearance of secretion as it hardens and forms 

 shell over insect; 4. immature scale; 5 and 6, appearance of 

 insect after casting skin, limbs, and other appendages; 7, dorsal 

 view of insect at maturity ; 8, antennae. (All greatly enlarged.) 



Parlatoria perg-andii Comst. 



(Chaff Scale.) 



Scale of Female. — Circular to elongated, irregular, dirty gray, 1.6 mm. 

 in length: exuviae marginal, brown, the first naked and the second 

 covered by a thin skin of secretion, occupying nearly one third of length 

 of scale. 



