Remedial Measures and Insecticides. xxxvii 



or three hours, hot water being occasionally added until fifty gallons 

 of solution are made. This, for both formulae, is diluted to one 

 hundred gallons before application to trees. Greater efficiency is 

 believed to come from long boiling of the mixture, and it is prefer- 

 ably applied hot. It is used on deciduous trees for the black and 

 San Jose scales, and on citrus trees for the red and black scales ; 

 but the dense foliage of the latter renders thorough spraying 

 difficult except for young trees, and fumigation is much preferred. 

 An improperly made resin wash is also apt to spot the fruit of the 

 orange.' I have no personal experience of either this or the fol- 

 lowing insecticide. 



Lime Salt and Sidphiir Wash. — This has been employed against 

 the San Jose scale in Am.erica. Though undoubtedly effective in 

 some parts of the country, it appears to have completely failed 

 in others. Mr. Marlatt writes : — ' Our experience with this wash 

 in the East (Eastern States) had thrown doubt on its real efficiency 

 as an insecticide, and it has been clearly demonstrated that under 

 the climatic conditions east of the Alleghanies it is almost value- 

 less. In California, however, after a careful study of the facts in 

 the field, I am compelled to admit that the demonstration of its 

 usefulness against the San Jose scale is complete, and the benefit 

 of its application to orchards is most manifest. In the vicinity of 

 Pomona, California, unsprayed orchards were badly infested with 

 San Jose scale, while in adjoining sprayed orchards the scale was 

 entirely killed, and the trees were rapidly recovering and showing 

 vigorous and healthy new growth. In contiguous orchards also 

 of the same kinds of trees, similarly treated so far as cultivation is 

 concerned, the trees which had been subjected to yearly spraying 

 were at least one-third larger than untreated trees. This wash is 

 of value also as a fungicide, protecting stone fruits from leaf fungi, 

 and is also a protection against birds, the common California 

 linnet doing great damage to buds in January and February. The 

 wash is almost invariably made and applied by contractors, and 

 costs about five cents per gallon applied to the trees. It is a 

 winter application, being applied in January and February. 



' Along the coast region and in Northern California, where 

 moister conditions prevail, this wash is very much less successful, 

 bearing out somewhat the experience of the East, and doubtless 

 explained by the similarity of climate in the districts mentioned 

 with that of the Atlantic seaboard. 



'In making this wash the chief consideration seems to be 



/ 



