Periodical Literature 41 



normal result in beech. Again in 1903 a mild sunnj' March 

 produced full leafing of larch, while bad April weather retarded 

 leafing of beech until middle of May. The conclusion is, that in 

 Switzerland for the leafing of the larch March weather, for that 

 of the beech April weather is significant. 



In the coloring and fall of leaves also unusual conditions were 

 observed, namely belated occurrence, although October was raw. 

 The moist warm summer is supposed to have been the cause. It 

 is known that dry summers produce early leaf fall. Normally 

 the larch remains green a fortnight longer than the beech, it has 

 therefore a longer period of vegetation b}' one to two months, 

 accounting for its rapid growth. This year the difference in leaf 

 fall was hardly over a week, the beech being leafless by Nov. 6, 

 the larch holding on till the middle of the month. The differ- 

 ent behavior of the two species in regard to leaf development 

 may in addition to other considerations account for the favorable 

 behavior of the two in mixture. 



Ueber Blattausbriich und Blattabfall der Ldrche u?id Buche. Schweizer- 

 ische Zeitschrift fiir Forstwesen. De;. 1905, pp 3^3-317. 



A key to the Ohio Dogwoods in winter condition is published 

 by J. H. Schaffner, eight species of the sixteen indigenous ones, 

 in The Ohio Naturalist, Vol. VI, No. 2. 



In the same publication (Vol. VI, No. i) the same author dis- 

 cusses the classification of the plant kingdom on the conception 

 of progressive evolution, recognizing sixteen stages of develop- 

 ment, which are grouped in .seven sub-kingdoms delimited by 

 definite transition gaps. Good characterizations of the seven 

 sub-kingdoms are given and a diagram giving their relationships. 



In Vol. VI, No. 4, the same author brings a checklist of Ohio 

 trees. Of the 155 species listed 85 are native typical trees, 21 

 introduced, 43 native shrubs sometimes growing in treeform, and 

 6 introduced shrubs of this description. 



SOIL, W.\TER AND CLIMATE. 



The influence of winds on humidity and 



Wind temperature of the soil is well known but 



and the indirect influence on the constituents 



Soil. of the soil and especially the solubility of 



those constituting the plant food is less 



appreciated. Kmeis recognizes the large moors and heaths of 



Northwest Germany as results of the seawinds, not so much 



