44 Forestry Quarterly 



cated, the plants to be specially grown for such use in open sow- 

 ing on tenacious soil, near the place where they are to be used, to 

 be transplanted when three years old. This method, careful and 

 circumstantial, will prove in the end the best and cheapest where 

 early closing of crown-cover is desirable. 



Betrachttiu(:;en i'lber die Bepflanzinig der SchlageatifSiid n>!d Westhdn- 

 gen. Schweizerische ZeitsoVirift fiir Forslweseu. Jan., 1906, pp 7-12 



In 1897 occurred an extensive wind-fall in 



A Wind-fall one of Count Liechtenstein's forest ranges. 



Problem. the method of logging which is described 



on p. 56. The stand was composed of 

 80% spruce, 15% fir and 5% beech ; nearly one-half of the 750 

 acres involved was in complete cover, the other half .4 to .6 of 

 normal. All age classes from 40 to over 100 suffered, the last of 

 course the most (67% ), and those in higher altitudes more than 

 the lower, 60% being thrown and 40% broken. 



The damage consisted, besides the interference with the regu- 

 lar working plan, in a loss of 12 per cent, of the wood, increased 

 cost of logging, depreciation in value, insect damage and deteri- 

 oration of soil. The manager drew the following conclusion for 

 the future as desirable for the endangered territory : Reduction 

 of rotation to below 100 years, with smaller felling series ; plant- 

 ing of spruce instead of natural regeneration by group or .shelter- 

 wood S5'stem, but natural regeneration for beech and fir into 

 which at proper time spruce to be planted ; timely and severe 

 thinnings. In reforesting, the enormous quantity of debris had 

 to be burnt. The planting plan prescribes use of 3 to 4-year- 

 old transplanted spruce in 1.5 m. spacing, spot sowing of spruce 

 and fir only where no grass growth to be feared ; volunteer 

 growth of beech and spruce to be saved and to be filled out with 

 spruce ; shrubs to be saved and plants to be set out under the 

 protection of rootstocks Tmany overturned) and stones ; grass to 

 be cut out in new plantations and these to be repaired by intro- 

 duction of other species, mostly after the whole is planted, for 

 which ten years have been fore.seen. Additional species used to 

 the extent of 25% are Larch, Douglas Fir and White Pine be- 

 low 900m., above this, Stone Pine and Mountain Maple, also 

 Ash, Alder ; Willow and Mountain Pine where steep slopes lia- 



