148 Forestry Quarterly 



suffered most and especially Pinus Strobtis, especially in sandy 

 soils of the Rhine and Main. Many plants of this species which 

 were supposed to be past such danger, were killed, so that it has 

 become questionable whether this species is to be used here in 

 future. P. divaricata died in some districts, in others did well. 

 Picea piingens did better than the native Norway spruce in the 

 plain and Abies pedinata came next in resistance. Scotch Pine 

 yearling plantations suffered. No scale of drouth resistance 

 among deciduous trees could be ascertained ; even 6 to 8 year 

 old plantations of White Birch and Black Locust suffered 

 severely, while Ailantus did excellently. 



Elevation exercises a most potent influence : in situations 

 above 1200 feet no special loss from drouth was experienced ; 

 the plain and especially the sandy soils which dry out quickly, 

 suffered most. The growth on shallow soils and southern expos- 

 ures is, of course, most readily damaged. 



Plantations made late in the fall, as well as those made late in 

 the spring, suffered most, while early spring plantings are most 

 resistent. Sowings suffered somewhat more than plantings. 

 Cultivation, of course, reduces loss by drouth, especially deep 

 plowing. 



Crown cover and side shade have invariably been beneficial. 

 Conifers planted into deciduous growth have suffered little. 

 "Side protection by grass, weeds, shrubs, coppice has been bene- 

 ficial. Where weeding was done plants died. ' ' "Cutting out of 

 grass, ferns, etc. , has been detrimental and is in future to be done 

 only in the fall." 



As to means of counteracting drouth, the author recommends 

 selection method or small, narrow clearings running from 

 northeast to southwest ; leaving shrubs and small trees to fur- 

 nish a light cover ; especially on southern exposures. On outer 

 boundaries (wood lots) a strip of one hundred feet should be 

 treated in selection or park method, preserving or planting a 



wind mantle. 



Die Einwirkung der Hitze und Diirre des Sominers rgof auf die IVa/d- 

 vegetaiio7t. Allgemeine Forst- und J.tgdzeituug, Jan., 1906, pp. 5-9 



A complete and satisfactory answer to the 



Forest Influence effect of forest cover on the amount of pre- 



on cipitation is yet to be heard. Among the 



Rainfall. many factors entering into a comparison of 



rainfall between wooded and open country 



none is more potent than altitude, which, by affecting the tem- 



