Periodical Literature 155 



plants per quarter acre, including the necessary 12 inch path be- 

 tween beds, costing round $48. Assuming only 50 per cent, use- 

 able after the first year instead of the more likely 75 per cent, the 

 cost of transplanting the other half, spacing 3 by 5 inch, will be 

 $38 and the 160 M. plants will have cost $86 or 54 cents per M. 

 If the plants were to be left two years, the spacing would have 

 to be 4x5, hence only 65,000 per quarter acre would find room 

 and the cost of transplanting would be about $15 and with a 

 second year's weeding the total cost would come to round $40, or 

 60 cents per M. The difference in favor of the former plan 

 would actually prove greater. 



The cost for raising the seedlings is figured at only 8 cents per 

 M., there being paid out to secure 500 M. from one-quarter acre, 

 for 44 lbs. of seed $10, soilwork and sowing $25, fertilizer $2.50 

 or altogether $37.50. 



For seedlings left two years in seedbed before transplanting 

 the author figures the cost of the seedlings at 1 2 cents and of the 

 transplants at 67 cents. 



Besides the financial advantage in the stock when treated as in 

 the first position, the planting of that material is easier, cheaper 

 and surer, the saving on the whole being estimated as between 

 25 and 50 cent per M. Other advantages are that on account of 

 the closer spacing less area is required ; one half the nursery can 

 now be annually green-manured with lupine as against one-third 

 formerly, and the soil is worked over annually. Instead of 

 using a puddle for keeping the roots moist, which does not work 

 well with the transplanting apparatus, the roots are moistened in 

 pure water before being hung into the lath, which is altogether 

 better practice. 



The weeding, where weed growth is rank is best done with the 

 Planet junior rake, which does the work 5 to 6 times as cheaply 

 as by hand. Otherwise the Spitzenberg weeding tool (described 

 in this issue), which at the same time loosens the soil and hills 

 the plants, works well, one man weeding ^ acre per day, the 

 cost through the year being less than half that with the common 

 garden hoe. 



In conclusion the author accentuates the advantage of water- 

 ing (by forcepump) and the need of proper location for nurseiies. 



Die Hacker'' schen Verschulungsgerdte in ihren Beziehungen zu einem 

 intensiven Pflanzgartenbeirieb. Allgeineine Forst- unci Jagdzeiluiig, 

 March, 1906, pp. 76-80. 



