Periodical Literature i6i 



oval yellow-brown kernel in the woolly envelope is germinative. 

 Since poplar is dioecious, it is necessary to collect from female 

 trees which stand near to the leeward of male trees. Single trees 

 not so placed do not produce germinative seed. The seed is 

 either sowed at once or spread out in a well roofed place, shelt- 

 ered from drafts. The sowing must be done on a windstill day. 

 The seed cotton is placed on top of the seed bed at a rate of 2 to 

 3 ounces for each 10 square feet and pressed down so that the 

 wind cannot disturb it, and is then covered very lightly (until it 

 vanishes from sight) with fine compost soil or sand sieved over it. 

 It is then watered with a fine rosette, covered with conifer twigs 

 (without foliage), and kept moist. In a few days the plants ap- 

 pear, and in the first year reach a height of 5 to 7 inches. The 

 root develops very strongly, hence transplanting in nursery rows 

 early in the spring, spacing 10 to 12 inch apart is recommended, 

 although the stouter plants may be' set out at once. 



With us gathering of seedlings from natural regeneration can 

 probably be practised to better advantage. 



Fur Nachzucht der Pappeln und der Elzbeere. Allgemeine Forst- und 

 Jagdzeitung, April, 1906, p, 117-119 



A long series of systematic observations, 



Forest Litter continued through 24 years by the Austrian 



a7id experiment station, on the effect of the re- 



Growth moval of forest litter in a pinery on the 



growth of the trees is recorded in greatest 



detail b)^ Bohmerle. 



Some areas, all stocked on poor soil, were raked every year, 

 others every five years, others not at all and the growth was also 

 compared with regularly thinned areas. One series was begun in 

 a 37-year-old stand, another in a 57-year-old stand. The litter 

 harvest in the yearly areas averaged about 4 cords or 3000 lbs. 

 (when dry) per acre ; in the quinquennial areas the average 

 annual harvest was only 51 to 53% of this figure, that is to say 

 if the litter is raked only every five years, actually not more than 

 half the yearly leaf fall can be secured, perhaps two years fall al- 

 together, the rest being decayed or nearly so. Indeed, investi- 

 gations showed that about i^ years' fall was harvested intact, 

 the balance consisting of partly rotten two and three-year-old 

 needles. In th equinquennial areas, it was observed, much 

 more moss was developed than in those raked annually. 



