Periodical Literature 163 



shows that in the unraked areas only few species find their 

 place ; namely the rapidly growing Hypnum Schreberi, Hylo- 

 conium, splendens and Dicranuni scopariiun are almost the only 

 occupants. Here a dense fungus mycelium covers the tips and 

 assists in rapidly decaying the fallen leaf cover. In the areas 

 annually raked, double the number of species occur, with the 

 delicate " branch-mosses " Hypnum cupressifornie and Thuidium 

 tamariscinum prevailing. In the quinquennial area Tortella and 

 Thuidium occurs in small cushions, but Polytrichum is the most 

 prominent being able to resist the rake and working itself up 

 above the leaf litter, while Hypnum cupressiforme succumbs to 

 the rake to a large extent, is injured by the leaf litter and can- 

 not grow through it. While the difference in the composition 

 between the unraked and the annually raked areas is very de- 

 cided, the quinquennial areas are less characteristic. The 

 unraked thinning areas show the same composition in the mosses 

 as the unraked, undisturbed areas. With the degree of thinning, 

 however, the moss-cover increases. Similarly with irrigation 

 the number of species, especially near the ditches, increases. 



Of lichens it was observed that on unraked areas they are 

 absent, here, being of slow growth, the annual leaf fall prevents 

 them. On the raked as well as in thinned areas Peltigera 

 horizontalis zxA Cladonia pyxidata were frequent, the latter most 

 so on the quinquennial areas. 



Moose und Flechten in den Versuchsbestdnden itn Grossen Fohrenwalde. 

 Centralblatt fxir das gesammte Forstwesen. April, 1906, pp. 165-175. 



The Pine Bark Bug {Aradus cinnamoneus 



Damage Panz.) is pretty generally distributed 



by throughout Germany and has been repor- 



Bark Bugs. ted from as far north as St. Petersburg and 



Finland. In all this wide range it only 



seldom reaches such numbers as to become a menace to the pine, 



under the flaky bark of which it is at home, and many observers 



of recent years have been unable to find instances in which its 



attacks have proved fatal. Dr. Eckstein however assures us such 



does occur, citing examples. 



This weevil lives under the loose flakes of bark on stems of 

 the Scotch Pine thrusting the slender bristle with which its 

 mouth is provided into the living tissue of the bark and drawing 

 thence its food. 



