212 Forestry Quarterly. 



breasthigh and 29 ni. height. Actual counts in Larix dahurica show 

 166 and 217 years, with 8.5 cm. and 21 cm. diameter respectively. 



Pinus silvestris reaches ages above 300 years, but is rarely over 3 

 m. in circumference. A specimen near Liegnitz, Silesia, is reported 

 with 4 m. and a slightly larger one was cut at Lauterbach, Bavaria. 

 A dwarf from the Kola peninsula with only 8.7 cm. circumference 

 and 11 m. height counted 31 6 years; another from Siberia, 413 

 years. 



The Mountain Pine, Pinus montana, attains an age of 150 to 200, 

 and Pinus cemhra an age of at least 600 years. 



Some data of the New Zealand conifers. Kauri Pine, Dammaris, 

 etc., show them capable of attaining 8 m. in diameter and prob- 

 ably 4,000 years of age. 



Some 28 specimens of Taxus haccata are tabulated, in which Eng- 

 lish trees especially figure. These are estimated at ages from 900 

 to 2,000 years, up to 18 and 20 m. high and with circumference in 

 many cases exceeding 5 m. 



Ueber Lebensdauer und Dickenwachstum der Waldbaume. I. 

 Cupuliferen. II. Pinaceen. III. Taxus. Allgemeine Forst- und 

 Jagdzeitung, June, July, August, 19O6, pp. 181-184, 217-220, 253- 

 255. 



In support of the theory that the sudden ap- 



Dormant pearance of a different vegetation in defor- 



Seeds. ested places is due to seeds which have lain 



dormant in the ground (see Forestry 

 Quarterly, Vol. IV, No. 2, pp. 141 ff. for opposing theories), an 

 anonymous writer cites two cases. 



In 1872 the botanists of Nancy were surprised by the appearance 

 of Euphorbia latliyris, a milkweed, in large quantities in a two-j'ear 

 old cutting where it had not been known before. Two years later it 

 had vanished entirely, but was found in dense thickets in another 

 cutting of two years before, while in a three-year old cut only scat- 

 tered individuals were found. Experimentally Fliche established as 

 correct the natural assumption that the growing forest drove out the 

 weeds. These places were distant from human habitations, but some 

 forty years before the remnants of some Gallo-Roman iron furnaces 

 were discovered, and since the Romans used to cultivate this plant 

 for medicinal purposes, Fliche does not doubt that it was introduced 

 by them and its seeds continued to exist in a condition of retarded 

 life. 



