2l6 Forestry Quarterly, 



gotten. Lately the practice of making light sowings in the nurser- 

 ies and thinning out the sowings to secure without transplanting 

 plant material fit for the woods has come into use. This the author 

 considers an advance — to the more natural. In managing the nur- 

 sery, aeration of the soil by constant cultivation supplants a good 

 deal of fertilizer; a saving here is as erroneous as in not currying 

 a horse. 



In the future transplanted plants will become necessary and then 

 more careful selection of the expensive plant material is indicated. 

 With spruce, transplanting with balls from sowings in the woods is 

 most successful, and the cost should be kept within $1.25 per thou- 

 sand, whereas sowing cost $1.50 to $2.00 per acre. Only the 

 best seed and the best selected plant material should be used. 



JValdverjungiing und Pflanzenerziehung im Walde. Allgemeine 

 Forst- und Jagdzeitung. August, 1906, pp. 259-264'. 



Following up the strictures which Schiffel 

 Influence made on Kuntze's work on the subject 



of (briefed on p. 158 of this volume of the 



Thinnings on Form. Forestry Quarterly), a short controver- 

 sial correspondence between the two would 

 make it appear that a misunderstanding gave rise to the strictures, 

 Kuntze disclaiming to have discussed the broader question of the in- 

 fluence of different degrees of thinning on stands. Merely the 

 influence on the shaft form of the single tree, the average class tree 

 was investigated, with the result that thinning up to the C-grade im- 

 proves, or at least does not impair, the form of spruce. 



While most forest land is located where soil 

 Machinery conditions do not admit of the use of 



in plows or other machinery for cultivation. 



Forest Culture. yet there are sufficient areas where such tools 

 can be advantageously used, especially 

 where labor is high and scarce, and hence rapid work needful. The 

 many failures of natural regeneration and the need of more inten- 

 sive management for saw timber have led in Germany to abandon- 

 ment of the method of natural regeneration, substituting clearings 

 in narrow strips, followed by artificial cultivation. Deep plowing 

 with an underground plow after surface plowing with a shallow 

 surface plow produces conditions which, especially for deep-rooted 

 species like oak and ash, are reflected in superior development. The 



