296 Forestry Quarterly. 



Mr. Whitford's description of the epiphytic plants, buttresses, 

 fluted trunks and other characteristics of the forests of this type 

 is exceedingly interesting and should be read even by those who 

 are unable to follow with interest the detailed discussion of the 

 species. As in the other types, variations in topography cmse dif- 

 ferences which enable a further division into sub-types. 



A third type is that called the "Dipterocarpus-Shorea" forma- 

 tion, occurring on the slopes just above the preceding. Here over 

 30 per cent of the larger trees belong to the Dipterocarpaceae and 

 15 per cent of them are Dipterocarpus grandiflorus. In some places 

 these trees form in the upper story practically a uniform stand. 

 The type is further distinguished from the preceding by the smaller 

 number of deciduous trees, that is, in the words of the ecologist, the 

 formation is less xeroi^hytic on account of the greater rainfall, 

 smaller saturation deficit and heat. 



The fourth type, still further up the slopes, is called the 

 "Shorea-Plectronia" formation, lying between the contour lines 

 450 and 900 meters. In this type the proportion of the Diptero- 

 carps falls to about I6 per cent. The general aspect of the forest, 

 like that of the preceding type, reminds one of the forests of the 

 temperate region because of the thin undergrowth and the relative 

 scarcity of rattans and such forms of vegetation as ordinarily are 

 associated with tropical forests. 



The cap of the mountain, including everything above 900 

 meters, is named the "Eugenia-Vaccinium" formation. This area 

 is distinguished by a relatively high humidity and strong winds. 

 The latter give rise to the peculiar dwarf condition of tree growth, 

 and the former to an abundance of epiphytic vegetation. 



Mr. Whitford's description of the different ecological forma- 

 tions is illuminated by the large number of excellent photographs. 



The report is of value to both the ecologist and to the forester. 

 The division of the forest into types may be used as a foundation 

 for the organization of the forest work later on. It is a great 

 pity, however, that Mr. Whitford did not include in his study the 

 economic aspects of the forest. He has a general classification of 

 trees by height, but makes practically no mention of diameters. The 

 forester misses in his descriptions the many points which accompany 

 the usual forest description, such as the form of the stand, the char- 

 acter of the trees in the different types, the density, the reproduc- 

 tion of the commercially valuable trees, etc. These points are abso- 



