3i6 Forestry Quarterly. 



Coppice for tanbark is here beginning to fail to yield a profit, as it 

 has failed in Germany. The indicated transition to high forest re- 

 quires greater denial on the part of small owners than they can 

 afford, and the problem is really a serious one for the State to con- 

 sider if these areas are to continue to produce wealth. 



Hungary is a timber exporting country and it is to be expected 

 that the visit of a German whose country exacts a duty on the wood 

 it must import to supply itself would call forth arguments for free 

 trade. And reasons pro and con are set forth in their best light. 



A protective tariff or free trade, each find their justification in 

 economic conditions which change. Measures that are reasonable to- 

 day may soon be very unjust. 



Kritische Vergleichung der wichtigsten forsttechnischen und 

 forstpolitischen Massnahmen deutscher und ausserdeutscher Forst- 

 verwaltungen. Zeitschrift fiir Forst- und Jagdwesen. March, 1906. 

 Pp. 159-169. 



FOREST BOTANY AND ZOOLOGY. 



The concluding article by Dr. Kanngiesser re- 

 Length of Life garding the age of trees treats of Elm, Bass- 

 of wood and other deciduous trees. 



Trees. An Elm planted about the year 1500 at Bis- 



son, in Normandie, had a diameter of 5 1-2 

 feet, with an average growth rate of about 1 inch per decade. An- 

 other, in Switzerland, measured nearly 8 feet, and the growth of 

 the last 50 years about 8 inches. An Elm in Hesse, the stoutest on 

 record, has about 6 1-2 feet at 1 m. above ground. An age of 500 

 years or more for this species is deduced from these measure- 

 ments. 



Tilia may exceed this age by far, for a Basswood felled in 

 Lithuania showed 817 annual rings. Three historically surely de- 

 termined specimens exhibit striking variations in the rate of growth, 

 namely, 1.6, 3.7 and 5.3 mm. annually, showing how unrelated age 

 and diameter may be. The first specimen at Fribourg was planted 

 in 1440 and is about 4 1-2 feet breast high; the second, planted at 

 Jena in 1664, has a diameter of 6 feet, and the third, planted at 



