3i8 Forestry Quarterly. 



at once suggests the remedy for herbaceous and shrubby forest 

 weeds, which is to establish or maintain a crown cover of at least 

 moderate density, where such weeds are troublesome or likely to be 

 so. In the case of groves of trees having open crowns, such as 

 the black walnut, or tulip, or old oak stands, underplanting with 

 beech or hard maple is sometimes resorted to, to destroy the weeds 

 and to protect the soil from sun and wind. By virtue of their 

 ability to form part of the crown cover and thus insure their light 

 supply, the weed trees constitute a special class requiring radically 

 different treatment. No matter how varied the kind, age, or qual- 

 ity of the weed trees, the practical forester has but one remedy, 

 and that remedy is the ax." 



Seven illustrations of forest weeds accompany the article, to- 

 gether with descriptions and statement as to proper method of 

 procedure in each case. The evil effects of grazing woodlots are 

 especially well brought out. 



Some Types of Forest Weeds. Canadian Forestry Journal, Sep- 

 tember, 1906. pp. 110-113. 



Near Hamelin, in northwestern Prussia, ac- 



Peculiar cording to Boden, is found a variety of the 



Beech. European Beech, the Siintel beech (Fagus 



tortuosa), distinguished by its peculiar 



habits. The axis early becomes nearly hoi'izontal and tliere are 



two terminal buds on each shoot of unequal size. Whether the 



larger is directed outwards or sidewise makes a great difference in 



the subsequent growth. Placed in line with the axis of the shoot 



the crown is formed 4-6 meters to one side of the root; directed 



laterally the main axis assumes a shape like a corkscrew. Then 



when these two positions are occupied first by one, then by the 



other bud, an intricately intersprangling, wide-spreading crown is 



the result. 



The Norway spruce has long been looked upon as the only 

 species available for windbreaks and to fill accidental openings in 

 broad-leaved stands. It is known to be but imperfectly hardy and 

 to succeed but poorly in this position, failing in late middle life 

 just as its protection is most necessary. 



This rare variety of Beech, with the hardiness and dense foliage 

 usual to the Beech, and its spreading crown, suggests itself as the 



