Periodical Literature. 3^9 



proper tree for use as windbreaks and as a filler in mature forests, 

 where it would supplant the spruce. The supply of seed is very 

 limited and this will serve to prevent its wide use immediately. 



Der Tvirtschaftliche Wert der Suntelbuche, Fagus tortuosa. Zeit- 

 schrift fiir Forst und Jagdwesen, February, 1906. Pp. 103-109. 



An inquiry into a comparatively little con- 



Buds and Trvigs sidered field of tree biology is Mr. Karl M. 



in Winter. Wiegand's article on buds and twigs in 



winter, with special reference to the func- 

 tions of the bud scales. Among his conclusions perhaps the most 

 significant is that bud scales are "not important to the plant as 

 modifiers of temperature, (and) . . . .have probably been evolved to 

 prevent excessive transpiration, and to protect the delicate tissue 

 from mechanical injury." While not of direct usefulness to the 

 silviculturist, this article (like others of its sort) is distinctly of 

 interest to any student of relations between trees and their environ- 

 ment. 



Some Studies Regarding the Biology of Buds and Twigs in 

 Winter. Botanical Gazette, June, 1906. p. 373. 



The effect of the intense cold of liquid air 

 Seeds on seeds had been investigated by Wood- 



in land and Selby (Wooster, O.), with the re- 



Liquid Air. suit that no essential influence on the 



germination could be detected. Becquerel 

 has repeated the experiment, having seeds for 130 hours in liquid 

 air of — 185° to 192°. These experiments show that the resistance 

 of seed to such temperatures depends on the amount of water and 

 gases in their tissues. If these are present in sufficient quantity 

 nucleus and protoplasm are hopelessly disorganized; but if suffi- 

 ciently dried the seed retains its germinative power. This, accord- 

 ing to Becquerel, contradicts the idea that reduction of tempera- 

 ture produces a temporary cessation of activities, preserving the 

 protoplasm viable as long as it is kept frozen. 



Der Einfluss flUssiger Luft auf Samen. From Comptes rendues 

 t. 140, pp. 1652-1654. Centralblatt fur das gesammte Forst wesen. 

 Aug., Sept., 1905. p. 403. 



