336 Forestry Quarterly. 



groups, other species do not succeeed very well in single admixture 

 with it, except under very favorable site conditions. Spruce unless 

 protected becomes usually secondary stand; not even fir can work 

 itself through if once overtopped, and beech also rarely makes use- 

 ful trees under the pine. Larch and oak do better. Where not ab- 

 solute pine soils, but fresh, deep loose soils are involved mixture in 

 groups is desirable. 



Ueber Bestandserziehung, Centralblatt fiir das gesammte Forst- 

 wesen. Aug., Sept., Oct., 1906, pp. 333-335-405-425. 



In a longer article Bohmerle discusses in 

 Chestnut detail the forestal characteristics and be- 



Culture. havior of the European Chestnut (Cas- 



tanea vesca Gaertn.) Natural Chestnut for- 

 ests exist to a large extent in Krain (Austria), and the most north- 

 ern stand is found near Komotau in Bohemia, where it was planted 

 between 1625 and 1645, some of the trees now having diameters 

 over 5 feet with heights over 50 feet. A very extensive account of 

 the location of chestnut trees in Austria and of their measurements 

 is given, which all show low stature with large diameters. Trees 

 of 15 to 20 feet diameter and more are in existence (see page 211 

 of this volume). In nature this chestnut occurs only singly and in 

 groups mixed in deciduous and conifer forest, although densely 

 foliaged and partially shade-enduring. Otherwise it appears very 

 much like the American Chestnut in wood and behavior, except that 

 it requires higher temperatures and is liable to frost, hence best 

 adapted to southern exposures. It is especially fit for coppice, and 

 preserves its productivity into old age. Like the oak, it has a deep- 

 going tap root, which makes it difficult to transplant, and to prune 

 this root means to induce broad crown development. As to its 

 shade endurance, this depends as with all species, very much on 

 climate. In its native habitat it is half shade-enduring, but at a 

 distance from the climatic optimum towards cooler situations, there 

 is an increase of light requirement, while in the opposite direction 

 shade-endurance increases. Soils influence light requirements in the 

 same sense, good soils increasing tolerance. Detail investigations 

 of the wood finish the article. 



Die Edelkastanie in Niederoesterreich. Centralblatt fiir das 

 gesammte Forstwesen. July, Aug., Sept., 19O6, pp. 289-306-355- 

 367. 



