so forestry Quarterly. 



are not too great, the wood material is delivered to the indus- 

 tries at a very small expense, even though it often has to come 

 a distance of 200 miles. Permanent logging roads or road sys- 

 tems are not known in the Swedish forests. On the other hand, 

 there are over 15,000 miles of driveable streams and about 40,- 

 ■000,000 logs are transported by them annually. 



The entire forested area of Sweden is estimated at around 

 70,000 square miles. Of this total 75 per cent, is in private and 

 25 per cent, in government ownership. To every farm-house 

 belongs a greater or smaller forest area, depending upon the 

 amount and productive capacity of the cleared land. The unit 

 for this is up to the present day so-called "Mantal," i. e., the num- 

 ber of soldiers to be sent by each farmhouse, a remnant of the 

 old military government. A part of these forests, mainly the so- 

 called Aussenwaelder which were located farthest from the farms 

 were later on sold to large concerns. Oftentimes these forests 

 were aggregated to form community forests. 



Considering the distribution of forests it must be remembered 

 that the south is scarcely forested at all. As a result of its fa- 

 vorable climatic conditions and the fertility of the soil, it has 

 become the grain center of the country. The first large bodies 

 of forests are encountered on the mountainous boundary between 

 Gota and Svealand, north of Norkoping. Sixty-two per cent, 

 of Oestergotland and Oerebro are forested. The real forests of 

 Sweden, however, are found in Wermland, Dalekarlien, and 

 Norrland. The most heavily forested parts of the latter country 

 are Gefleberg with 82 per cent, and Westernorrland with 73 per 

 cent, forest. 



Higher up in the mountains, especially going north, the forest 

 cover diminishes rapidly. The mountainous Jamtland represents 

 the average of the entire country, Norrland the most northerly 

 province showing only 30 per cent, forested. The most import- 

 ant export point for Wermland is Gotenburg with which it is 

 connected by the Klara and Gota river systems. Some 18 million 

 cubic feet of wood material is exported from this place. 



For Dalekarlien and Norrland, which, combined, represent 

 about 80 per cent, of the total Swedish export of planks and 

 boards, the principal export points are in their order beginning 

 at the south : — Gefle, Soderham, Hundiksvall, Sundsvall, 

 Hernoesand, Umea, Skelleftea, Pitea, Lulea and Haparanda. 



