Forestry Conditions in Sweden. 51 



The most important of these are Sundsvall and Hernoesand, with 

 about 30,000,000 cubic feet of lumber exports each in boards and 

 planks alone. In addition to this a considerable amount of min- 

 ing timbers and material manufactured from waste is exported. 

 These towns are situated at the mouth of Ljungman, Indals and 

 Angerman rivers. 



The national forests are also chiefly located in Norrland in 

 the northern parts. In the most northerly part, in Norbotten, 

 51 per cent, of the total area is in government possession, in 

 Vasterbotten, 36 per cent. Going south, these figures decrease 

 rapidly. National control is doubtless of great value for the 

 preservation of the forests in the northern regions. A consid- 

 erable portion of the private forest land has changed hands in 

 the course of time, the peasants selling out to large corporations 

 which exploit these forests with their sawmills. Of course this 

 exploitation often consisted in a shameless destruction of the 

 forest, resulting in a strong sentiment against the purchase of 

 forest land by corporations. On the other hand it must be ac- 

 knowledged that many of them manage their forests in a praise- 

 worthy manner. The corporation forests have thus become a 

 typical feature of Sweden. 



The total area of these forests in Dalekarlien and Xorrland is 

 over 6,500,000 acres. That means about 19 per cent, of the for- 

 ested area of these districts, which is estimated at 34,000,000 

 acres, two-thirds of the total forest area of Sweden. The farm- 

 ers here own about twice as much as the corporations. 43 per 

 cent, being in possession of the government and communities. 



Of these community forests the "Spar" (savings) forests ex- 

 isting for a long time in Dalekarlien must be mentioned sepa- 

 rately. These were formed in the following way : After dividing 

 up the common forest lands, the peasants agreed to give up 

 a large part of their private share and unite them again into com- 

 munity forests. The returns from these forests are used for the 

 payment of taxes, schools, hospitals and other public purposes. 



Some of the communities possessing "Spar" forests have be- 

 come famous for their prosperity, but not only that, they form 

 examples for the present forest protection movement, which 

 aside from other aims, advocates the formation of compact com- 

 muity forests. 



The only species to be considered for the lumber export are 



