84 Forestry Quarterly. 



tario, New Bruswick and Quebec; maple and elm practically all 

 in Ontario; bass wood in Ontario (two-thirds) and Quebec; ash 

 in Ontario and Quebec, equally; beech in Ontario (over one-half) 

 and Nova Scotia (one-quarter). Thus, besides leading in the pro- 

 duction of white pine, hemlock and red pine, Ontario supplied 

 two-thirds of the total hardwood cut in Canada. Canada is de- 

 pendent upon the United States for hardwood supplies, the value 

 of such imports in 1909 exceeding by one million dollars the 

 value of . the home cut. The imports are mainly oak, cherry, 

 chestnut, gum, hickory and tulip. 



The average price for the different species at the mill ranged, 

 for spruce, from $11.98 to $16.21; for white pine, from $14.42 

 to $22.33; for hemlock, $10.15 to $13.69; for cedar, $12.29 to 

 $15.41 ; for red pine, $9.96 to $17.03 ; for balsam, $9.37 to $15.39; 

 for larch, $11.50 to $15.50; for birch, $11.59 to $21.76; for maple, 

 $10.27 to $18.38. 



Statistics of the export of hewn square timber (which is prac- 

 tically equivalent to the production) show a total of only 41,442 

 tons (i ton = 40 cubic feet). This was chiefly white pine and 

 lirch, valued at $31.92 and $10.63 P^'' ton respectively. The 

 square timber export reached its maximum in 1877, and has since 

 steadily declined till now it is about one-tenth the amount. In 

 the decade 1871-80 the average white pine export was 15 times 

 and oak 200 times that of 1909. This reflects the increasing 

 scarcity of large -=ize& of first quality logs, as does also the price 

 mcrease, viz., from 12 to 38 cents for pine, from 30 to 54 cents 

 for oak and from 15 to 22 cents for birch per cubic foot. 



The lath production amounted to 822,124 thousand pieces of 

 an average value of $2.46, chiefly from Ontario, New Brunswick 

 and Quebec. The lath cut in Ontario are white pine, in British 

 Columbia Douglas fir, and in the other provinces spruce. 



The shingle cut was 1,499,396 thousand, averaging $1.86. The 

 total value was greater than that of the lumber value of any 

 species except spruce, white pine and Douglas fir. British 

 Columbia produced two-fifths of the total cut. Cedar is the 

 species mostly used, to the extent of 75 per cent., with spruce 

 next. Most of the white pine shingles were of western white 

 pine cut in British Columbia. J. H. W. 



