132 Forestry Quarterly. 



is coniferous. The annual cut has increased from 75 cubic feet 

 to 84 cubic feet per acre (not counting in 12,000 acres of new 

 purchases). The increase is due, in part, to the thinnings, attain- 

 able with the increase in district managers, these thinnings, 

 representing 62% of the total harvest, and in part to new methods 

 of regulating the yield. 



This regulation includes a comparison of actual and normal 

 increment, of actual and normal stock, of the two or three oldest 

 age classes as to area with the normal area for these age classes 

 and a ten-year felling area. The rotation is determined upon 

 the basis of typical "index-stands" which are carefully booked in 

 various districts. It is believed that the cut can still be increased 

 and quality improved. 



In the first decade the workwood per cent was 18, in 1908 it 

 had risen to 30%. The gross money yield had risen from $3.93 

 per acre and 5.28 cents per cubic foot in the first decade to $6.43 

 and 7.42 cents in 1908; a total increase in income of over 2.5 mil- 

 lion dollars for the last 10 years. This is, in part, due to rise 

 of prices, but also to more careful sorting. 



Expenditures also increased, but the net income increased from 

 $5.07 to $7.73. The total expense for personnel has since 

 1898 risen steadily from 69 cents to 84 cents per acre. 



A comparison of yields in various states for 1907 is also given, 

 which credits Saxony with 95, Wiirttemberg with 96, Baden with 

 92, Hesse with 87 cubic feet per acre. It is pointed out that for 

 proper comparison these yields must be compared with stock on 

 hand to get the use per cent. Data for such comparison exist 

 only for Baden and Hesse. In Baden the stock is given as 4140 

 cubic feet, that of Hesse at 4,000 round: the use per cent, is 

 therefore 2.2%. 



Die Entwickliing der hessischen Staatswirtschaft. Allgemeine Forst- 

 u. Jagdzeitung. May, 1910. Pp. 180-185. 



Estimating stave timber refers especially to 

 Stave oak that is to be made into tight cooperage 



Timber for 'oil, whiskey and beer barrels. The 



Bstimating. trained estimator must have a good knowl- 



edge of the soundness of standing timber, 

 the relation of sizes to number of staves and the various grades 

 of staves that may be cut from various portions of the tree. 



