Periodical Literature. 141 



The volume per cent, varies between basswood with 44.8 and 

 oak 69.7; the weight per cent, between elm with 21.6 and oak 



27-5- 



1. The higher the absolute fuel value of a species, the higher 

 lies its coaling temperature. These species cannot produce the 

 needed smouldering heat as those with a higher specific heat co- 

 efficient, hence they count among the difficult species. 



2. If species of different heat co-efficients are to be coaled 

 together those with the lower co-efficient should be placed in that 

 part of the meiler which during the whole process exhibits the 

 highest heat, i. e. in the quandel zone (center). 



Finally, an account is given of the development of a method to 

 secure by-products of wood vinegar and tar from meilers. 



It was found that this could not be done from standing meilers, 

 but a lying meiler constructed in special manner with a partially 

 moveable cover, produced 24 per cent, excellent coal, 38 per cent, 

 pure, strong acetic acid with small quantities of tar; and since 

 the method permits a perfect regulation of the coaling process 

 better results may eventually be expected. An impregnation 

 cylinder being attached produced perfectly treated ties at the 

 smallest expense. 



Vorgdnge bei der Hohvcrkohlung in Meilern, etc. Centralblatt f. d. g. 

 Forstwesen. December, 1910. Pp. 526-548. 



Charcoal burning is persistently carried on 

 Charcoal in the mountains of Westphalia, Germany, 



Burning despite diminishing returns from the indus- 



in try — returns which each year threaten to 



Germany. vanish — and despite efforts of forest man- 



agers to introduce culture of the spruce. 

 The production of charcoal began some five hundred years ago 

 with the smelting of the rich iron ores of the region. Until the 

 introduction of coal and coke, the forests of these mountains were 

 wholly devoted to charcoal production to supply the needs of 

 blast furnaces. For there was a time when this region produced 

 a steel highly prized throughout Europe, and ore was carried 

 from as far away as Sweden. What charcoal is now produced 

 finds but a local and uncertain market. 



Charcoal is produced in pits and the charcoal burner of to-day 

 follows exactly the same method of preparing and piling up his 



