Periodical Literature. 147 



amount of debris left as is shown in Buncombe county where 

 cordwood can be hauled for six to ten miles at a profit on good 

 roads but on three-quarters to one mile where the roads are un- 

 improved. Good roads also increase the value of cut-over lands 

 after the lumbermen have finished cutting the merchantable 

 timber. Inter-county roads of good construction are recom- 

 mended as an important undertaking and are being rapidly con- 

 structed in this state. 



"Good Roads and Lumbering," The Southern Lumberman, December 24, 

 1910. 



Up to 1880, White Pine was most exten- 

 Cha^ge sively used for interior finish for all build- 



in ings except those of highest class for 



Use which hardwoods, including mahogany, 



of prevailed. About 30 years ago southern 



Species. pine began to encroach on White Pine 



for this use, and this has been followed by 

 cypress and many hardwoods. Redwood, Douglas Fir, spruce 

 and cedar from the Pacific Coast have gained considerably in the 

 last ten to fifteen years but have been slow because of high freight 

 rates. Hemlock had been used for dimension materials for sev- 

 eral years in New England but did not begin to have a value in 

 the middle West until 1885. 



Hardwoods have shown the greatest diversity. Up to 1880 

 White Oak was used almost to the exclusion of other hardwoods. 

 Then the value of Red Oak was recognized and gradually be- 

 came an important species. In the late 8o's Hard Maple became 

 important as a flooring material and now several other hard- 

 woods are of great importance. It was not until 1886 to 1890 

 that Cottonwood and gum first were considered but are now 

 standard box materials competing strongly with northern pines. 



American Lumberman, December 17, 1910. 



In the early part of the last century the en- 

 Square tire export of Quebec pine was squared 



Timber timber, hewn with the axe. This timber 



Trade was floated down to Quebec, where it was 



butted and dressed. Culls were used lo- 

 cally for wharf timber and other similar uses. The square logs 

 were converted into planks and boards at sawmills in the large 



