White Pines of Montana and Idaho. 22^ 



Below are given the uses to which the wood of Limber Pine 

 is now being put, according to the observations of the Forest 

 officers without, however, distinguishing it from White-bark Pine. 



Past and Present Uses. 

 Result — good. Result — fair. Result — poor. 



1. Common lumber. 8. Mine props. 11. Shakes. 



2. Finishing lumber. 9. Fence posts. 12. Carroll fences. 



3. Building timbers. 10. Bridges on roads 13. Water wheels. 



4. Shingles. and trails. 14. Telephone poles. 



5. Flumes. 15. Cross arms, 



6. Sluice-boxes. Parts of. 



7- Fuel. 16. Ranch vehicles. 



17. Ranch implements. 



Authority — Page S. Bunker, Supervisor Flathead Forest. 



Others add its use for posts, railroad ties, telephone poles. 



Silviculturally, Limber Pine is valuable as a protective cover 

 at high elevations where the snowfall in winter is very heavy and 

 where the ground dries very thoroughly in summer. Forest As- 

 sistant Saunders mentions the fact that Limber Pine has proved 

 to be the most resistant of any species to the sulphurous fumes 

 from copper smelters, since on the Deerlodge Forest it has con- 

 tinued to make a healthy growth in localities where all other 

 species have died from the fumes. 



White-bark Pine — Pinus albicaulis Engelmann. 



Range. — Highest altitudes at which timber grows, from the 

 Rocky Mountain and Pacific ranges in Alberta and British 

 Columbia at latitude 53 degrees, southward through Montana and 

 Idaho along the Rockies at Northwest Wyoming and the Targee 

 National Forest, Idaho; also along the Cascade through Wash- 

 ington and Oregon and through the Sierras of California to 

 Kaweah Peaks. At elevations of 5,000 to 10,000 feet in Idaho 

 and Montana, and from 4,500 to 8,000 in Washington, increasing 

 to limits of 7,000 to 11,000 feet in California. 



Occurrence. — Confined to narrow altitudinal limits on alpine 

 slopes and exposed ridges to timber line throughout its range. 

 Grows among broken, bare rocks, in disintegrated granite, and in 

 shallow rocky soils with little superficial moisture ; best in deep, 

 well-drained, moist soil. 



"At north, sometimes in pure, open stands on grassy areas, but 



