White Pines of Montana and Idaho. 227 



ox contruction, however, requiring ease of working rather than 

 strength, this species should answer fairly well. 



The wood of White-bark is so similar to Limber Pine as to 

 be scarcely distinguishable, except under the microscope, and the 

 statements made concerning Limber Pine can be applied to 

 White-bark as well. 



Uses of the Wood. — Common construction; Building timbers; 

 Flumes; Sluice-boxes; Shmgles; Building logs; Mine props; 

 Mining stulls; Bridge timbers; Fence posts, Cordwood (for 

 fuel). 



Western White Pine — Finns monticola Douglas. 



The Idaho White Pine of the lumberman, and occasionally 

 called Silver Pine by foresters and botanists. 



Range. — The type tree of the North Idaho forests. Scattered 

 through mountain forests from the west slopes of the Rockies in 

 jMontana and southern British Columbia westward through nort- 

 ern Idaho and Washington to the Pacific coast, at elevations up 

 to 6,000 feet. From the Columbia-Kootenai Valley of British 

 Columbia, and from the mountains and southwest coast of Van- 

 couver Island its range extends southward along the Cascade and 

 Coast Ranges from sea level to 6,000 feet in Washington, at 1,500 

 to 8,500 feet in Oregon in the cross ranges of northern California 

 at 4,500 to 7,200 feet, and in the Sierras at numerous points 

 between 5,500 and 11,000 feet elevation. 



Occurrence. — In general not confined to any definite type of 

 locality. At the north it is most abundant and largest in the 

 deep porous soils of most valleys, but is also occasionally found 

 growing in dry exposed subalpine regions. 



"Greater development in northern Idaho, on gentle north slopes 

 and flats. Less frequent west of Continental Divides in Montana 

 and of Cascades in Oregon. In northern California, on north 

 slopes, and on south and west slopes in protected coves, broad 

 valleys, and mountain benches ; in southern California rather 

 abundant on high, west slope of Sierras." In regions other than 

 Idaho occurs commonly as scattered trees or small groups with 

 other species ; very rarely in pure stands and only on exposed 

 high slopes. In Cascades and Sierras occasionally forming 50 to 

 70% of stand on small areas, but through-out its range not ex- 

 ceeding 3 or 4 per cent. In western Washington associated with 

 15 



