Periodical Literature. 307 



with the inclination to the inside, i. e., to the mountain. On light 

 sandy soils (red sandstone) which are easily washed by rains 

 and on humid slopes especially this inclination is necessary, while 

 on firm stony soil the horizontal location or even a valleyward 

 inclination may be practicable. 



Wie hat der Ausbau der Holsabfuhrwege an Hdngen su erfolgen? 

 Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt. February, 191 1. Pp. 78-91- 



Reconnaissance and valuation work over an 

 A area of between one thousand and two 



Canadian thousand square miles of private holdings 



Survey. in Canada, north of Montreal, has been in 



progress for about three years. There were 

 no reliable maps of the area, so a preliminary survey was made by 

 following the main water courses and a skeleton may made from 

 the data thus obtained. Later, parallel base lines were run with 

 staff compass and chain and numbered stakes set at intervals of 

 25 chains. Sometimes the range lines one mile apart were used 

 as base lines. The cruiser and his assistant ran their lines be- 

 tween stakes with corresponding numbers. The ordinary data 

 concerning types, topography and general land-marks, were taken 

 by all parties in the field and checked up with one another as often 

 as convenient. In cruising the circular half-acre sample plot was 

 used. The limits of the plot were marked along the compass line 

 with an 83^ foot cord. The cruisers also reported on the apparent 

 status of the occupants of settled lots where ownership condi- 

 tions were liable to be cause of contention between owner and 

 limit holder: The maps were made on a scale of 4 inches to the 

 mile. An index map of the whole area on a scale of ^ inch to the 

 mile was also made. (Many interesting and valuable points were 

 omitted in the report, which would be appreciated if made avail- 

 able.) 



Canada Lumberman and Woodworker, Feb. i, 191 1. 



In making contour maps for logging operations a rod to be 

 used with a hand-level may be made with the zero mark near the 

 center and with an adjustable shoe at the bottom, so that the zero 

 mark may be made the same height as the topographer's eye. 

 The change in elevation is then read directly from the rod and 

 no computation is necessary. 



The Timberman, February, 1911. 

 20 



