328 Forestry Quarterly. 



the most vigorous reproduction may be secured." For a more 

 complete assurance of a sustained yield the rotation was as a rule 

 to be increased for a few years longer, and for each section of 

 different growth condition a special felling age was to be de- 

 termined, that is to say besides the general rotation for the entire 

 range, special rotations for different parts were ascertained. The 

 rotation was then divided into periods, three of four, or with long 

 rotations five, and the stands ranged into periodic or yield class 

 tables. "In this project the considerations of the most advan- 

 tageous use of the forests are carefully weighed against the most 

 rapid re-establishment of their spoiled condition and of the in- 

 terests of the future with those of the present," — the actual felling 

 age being varied from the average rotation according to these con- 

 siderations. At the same time in the ranging of the felling areas 

 a proper location of age classes was also to be provided, as well as 

 equality of budgets within certain limits. 



A special working plan then was made for the first decade when 

 the yearly material and money budget could be determined. Thin- 

 nings or "secondary fellings" were curiously enough to reduce the 

 prescribed main fellings by so much. 



Recognizing the difficulty of controling the sustained yield by 

 volume alone a first attempt of bringing the area into use as 

 regulator by prescribing that "all main fellings were not to be 

 marked out by volume but by area corresponding to the de- 

 termined volume." 



Altogether this early regulation was in many directions sound 

 and serviceable. It lacked, however, proper prescription for the 

 detail of execution. These were furnished by later ordinances, 

 which are set forth in the article, but which have no special 

 interest for us. We will, therefore, confine ourselves to a state- 

 ment of the new instruction which was issued in June, 1910, just 

 exactly 80 years after the first order for regulating the Bavarian 

 State forests. 



This is radically different in principles of management, in 

 method of yield regulation and in the technique, as well as in its 

 form. 



A strict adherence to the sustained yield principle within each 

 unit of management, which formerly had been required as main 

 aim of forest regulation, is abandoned, although an equalization of 

 budgets of the whole Kingdom or certain aggregates of districts 



