33^ Forestry Quarterly. 



to exact length of spool and turned to shape on a lathe. In most 

 cases the process is entirely automatic. After turning the spools 

 are smoothed by rolling with several balls of paraffine in a hollow 

 cylinder. The largest spools are made in three pieces — the flanges 

 fitting on the threaded end of a central cylinder. 

 Hardwood Record. February, 191 1. 



Toothpicks are made principally from white 

 Toothpicks. birch. Maine produces the greatest quan- 



tities, altho New York, Vermont and Massa- 

 chusetts have a few mills. Logs are picked by the logging boss 

 and cut into veneer sheets which are as wide as toothpicks are 

 long, then the veneers are cut into toothpicks by rotary knives. — 

 Hardwood Record. February, 191 1. 



In Minneapolis, Minn., about 40% of all 

 Paving the paving since 1902 has been creosoted 



Blocks. wood blocks. The blocks are 4 inches deep 



by 4 inches wide and from 5 to 10 inches 

 long ; they were laid on a 5-inch concrete foundation with a sand 

 cushion i inch thick. Pitch was used for filler. Most of the 

 blocks were of Norway Pine and Tamarack, a little of Yellow 

 Pine and Hemlock. There has been no difficulty with the swell- 

 ing of the blocks and no repairs and no "bleeding" or oozing of 

 oil from the blocks. Cost varied from $2.40 to $2.90 per square 

 yard. Results : Yellow Pine blocks laid in 1902 show wear of ^ 

 inch or 3.17%. Norway Pine laid in 1903 shows \ inch wear or 

 6.35%. Seven species laid in 1906 for experimental purposes on 

 a road showing a record of travel averaging nearly 4,000 teams 

 per day and 140 tons per foot of roadway, give the following per- 

 centages of wear: 



Yellow Pine, 3.17 per cent. 



Hemlock, 4.76 



Tamarack, 4.76 



Norway Pine, 4.76 



Birch, 4-97 



Western Larch, 9.36 



Douglas Fir, 6.98 



The Douglas fir was of poor quality, 2 or 3 rings per inch, and 

 should not be considered. 

 Mississippi Valley Lumberman. March, 191 1. 



