446 Forestry Quarterly. 



Mr. Betts stated that he intended to carry on some experi- 

 ments in regard to obtaining turpentine from Western Yellow 

 Pine and Pinion pine. That the supply of turpentine was becom- 

 ing limited and that it might become a commercial proposition in 

 the West. 



Grazing. 



January 25, 191 1, 4 p. m. Mr. Nelson, Chairman. 



Supervisor Kavanagh read a paper on the results accom- 

 plished on the National Forests in District 2 through grazing 

 administration, summarized as follows : 



The administration of the grazing lands within the National 

 Forests by the Forest Service is rapidly growing in favor with 

 the people. Successful grazing administration has brought the 

 subject of forestry to the attention of thousands of people who 

 under other circumstances would have given it only passing at- 

 tention. Grazing promotes reproduction by working up the soil. 

 Many improvements to the National Forests in the way of roads, 

 trails, telephone lines, etc. are brought about by grazing. The 

 stockmen put out thousands of fires. The consumption of the 

 grass greatly lessens the danger from fire. The existence and 

 welfare of the small cattlemen in the West depends to a large 

 extent upon the National Forest range. 



Here followed a general discussion of range problems. 



A plan of experiments was advocated that would determine the 

 effect of grazing on reproduction. 



January 26. 



Supervisor Blackball stated that sheep on his Forest were 

 trailed over fire guards thus increasing the efficiency of the fire 

 lines. 



Supervisor Ratliff read a paper on Advisory Boards. The 

 following points were brought out. 



Stock associations are formed (i) in order to compete with 

 monopolistic large owners; (2) by the need of range adjust- 

 ment among themselves; (3) by realizing the necessity of some 

 form of legal regulation of the use and conservation of the range. 



Advisory boards have proven a great help in settling range 

 difficulties. It is much easier to come to an understanding with 

 an advisory board than a whole community and considerable time 



