484 Forestry Quarterly. 



that the indination is to do too much in this respect. Often a 

 slight burning of the cover is sufficient. When proper judgment 

 in this direction has matured by experience he expects the plant- 

 ing to become still cheaper. 



We repeat the illustration from Vol. VII on p. 513, and recom- 

 mend to our readers trials with this new tool so highly recom- 

 mended, accentuating that all new tools must first be carefully 

 studied in their operation before they appear practical. 



Die Kiefernzangenhohrer-pAanzung. Zeitschrift fiir Forst u. Jagdwesen. 

 April, 191 1, pp. 358-367. 



A heavy, wedge-shaped steel planting iron 



A has been designed by Dr. Raess, of Darm- 



Nezv stadt, to replace the dibble used in forest 



Dibble. planting. It consists of a solid steel blade 



seven inches long, six inches wide and two 



inches thick, with a shank about three feet long, at the top of 



which then is a cross handle like that of a ship's auger. The tool 



weighs fourteen pounds. It is used in much the same way as the 



dibble, and the advantages it possesses over the lighter instrument 



are not given. Two persons work together in setting out trees 



with this planting iron, one handling the tool while a helper holds 



the plant made by the first stroke of the instrument until a second 



stroke closes the earth firmly about its roots. 



Der Stahlkeilspaten. Silva, IV. April, 191 1. Pp. 105-6. 



In a very readable article Dr. Kienitz pre- 



Races sents observations and thoughts of thirty 



of years on the great variability in form of 



Pine Scotch pine and points out the important 



and silvicultural deductions from this fact. 



Silviculture. The article is illustrated by 20 figures 



drawn from photographs, which exhibit 



this form variety of the most important European forest species. 



Considering that the field of distribution of this species extends 



from the North Cape in Norway to the southern slope of the Alps 



and to Spain, and from Cape Finisterre to the Amur, a field of 



the most varied climate, this highly developed variability of form 



is to be expected, and, since to a certain degree these forms are 



hereditary, the importance of securing seed from given localities 



