486 Forestry Quarterly. 



sites on which naturally the pine developes the slender form, it 

 will do so in pure plantations. In localities where the tendency 

 is to develop spreading form and pine and spruce in mixture is to 

 be grown, the former must be planted so close as to form a dense 

 stand, when later the spruce, first undergrowth, may force its 

 way through, otherwise spreading valueless pine will develop. 



Soil has an influence on crown only as far as it accelerates or 

 retards growth. On the poorest soils the straight growing form 

 with a bole holding out to the tip will develop although remaining 

 low, but on fertile moist soil the coarse and spreading form will 

 only become more so. Even in open position the two forms will 

 follow to a degree their inherited character. 



Unfortunately it has not yet been possible to recognize cones 

 of the various forms. A little better success is promised in mor- 

 phological and physiological character of branchlets, buds and 

 needles, by which Schott tentatively recognizes nine forms in 

 West and Middle Europe alone. A peculiarity of the East 

 European pines is mentioned, namely the assuming of a pro- 

 tective color by one year seedlings in September, later and later 

 when going westward until finally the habit is lost. 



Results of trial sowings with seed of varied derivation insti- 

 tuted through the International Association of Experiment Sta- 

 tions, are recited. Race differences were evident in the seedlings 

 during the first summer, namely in the size of plants, color and 

 length of needles, and time of cessation of development in the 

 fall, and winter color of plant. 



Very considerable differences in size and weight of the plants 

 were found, namely up to 40% in length, and nearly 400% in 

 weight. In the transplants, after a years growth the general 

 relation of the different races in length remained practically the 

 same, although the amounts varied, the greatest difference being 

 100%. Scotch, Russian and French plants remaining smallest, 

 Belgian and Rhenish plants the largest. The color variation also 

 persisted through the second winter while in the third season the 

 relative position as regards length remained practically the same, 

 the rapidity of development during the season, however, was 

 essentially different, the Scotch and Russians having made by 

 May 8 about double the length of shoot of the Belgian and 

 Rhenish. 



The fourth year shoot being longer in all races, accentuated 



