Periodical Literature. 



509 



Sweden only 6% and the United States without much change 

 for the last 10 years less than four per cent. 



Forstwirtschaftliche Riickblicke anf das Jahr igog. Zeitschrift fiir 

 Forst- u. Jagdwesen. June, July, 191 1, pp. 459-481, 545-563. 



Szviss 



Forest 



Administration. 



As is well known, the Confederation as such 

 does not own forests, hence its entire ac- 

 tivity in forestry matters is directed towards 

 encouragement and restriction of the forest 

 use of cantons, municipalities, or private 

 owners. 

 The character of this activity may be seen from the budget for 

 191 1 which reads as follows: 



1 Salaries Francs 54.900 



2 Traveling expenses 



Francs 14,000 



3 Office expenses Francs 3,000 



4 Printing Francs 2,000 



5 Photography Francs 1,000 



6 Contributions to salar- 



ies of cantonal and 

 municipal foresters 



Francs 380,000 



7 Contribution to acci- 



dent insurance of 



these Francs 10,000 



8 Examination of higher 



grade foresters 



Francs 4,000 



9 Instruction of lower 



grade foresters 



Francs 9,000 



10 Surveys Francs 25,000 



11 Subventions for re- 



boisement Francs 450,000 



12 Do. for roads, etc. 



Francs 90,000 



13 Amalgamation of small 



holdings for common 

 management Francs 3,000 



14 Subvention to forestry 



association Francs 5,000 



15 Do. to underforesters' 



association Francs 1,000 



16 Do. for alpine gar- 



dens Francs 4,000 



17 Do. for seed establish- 



ments Francs 3,000 



18 Do. alpine museum 



Francs 500 



19 Do. Swiss forest sta- 



tistics Francs 6,500 



Total 



Francs 1,065,900 

 =$213,000 



Assisting in the payment of salaries for competent foresters 

 and subventions for reboisement represent four-fifths of the total 

 outlay. There were employed in 1910, foresters of the higher 

 grade to the number of 193; of the lower grade, 1904; the fed- 

 eral government contributing somewhat over one-quarter of the 

 salaries of the higher grade and one-seventh of that of the lower 

 grade. 



In order to secure employment in the higher grades (by elec- 

 tion) certain requirements are made by the government, a spe- 

 cial commission being appointed to hold examinations. There 

 are a number of ranger courses carried on bv the federal sfovern- 



