632 Forestry Quarterly. 



By the faulty caliper arms the small error of 1% may be ex- 

 perienced, by oblique application an error of 2%, by rounding 

 off the diameter an average error of 2%, altogether 5%, which 

 results in an error in volume of 10%. Add 1% in length meas- 

 urement and over 10% on price is lost. 



Ueber den Einfluss fehlcrhafter Bestimmungen dcr Dimensioncn auf den 

 Ijihalt von Rundhoh. Centralblatt f. d. g. Forstwesen. August, Septem- 

 ber, 1911. Pp. 371-390. 



While we are accustomed, estimating by 



Volume board feet, to find as a rule the mill cut 



Tables overrun considerably even the closest esti- 



and mate or the best log scale. Gayer states the 



Felling interesting fact that in Germany, notably 



Results. Baden, the felling results almost invariably 



remain below the measurement of the 



stands made by use of general volume tables, the reason being 



that the latter are made as accurate as possible, while in working 



up the stand there are practically various losses, of which the 



volume table does not or cannot take cognizance. 



Determining the volume of logs by middle diameter gives from 

 2-4% lower results than the sectioning usual in constructing 

 volume tables; the usage of dropping fractions in the diameter 

 measurement may amount to 5-1 1 % loss ; the full length of the log 

 is not always measured ; a bark per cent, allowance of 10% does 

 not in all species tell the story ; the stump which for volume tables 

 is allowed to be one-third of the stump diameter is frequently too 

 low for logging practice ; while volume tables are made on green 

 stands, the logscale and cordwood are measured half dry, entail- 

 ing a loss of four or more per cent. ; brushwood below 3 inches 

 is always many per cent, below the xylometric measurements ; 

 and loss by chips, etc., does not appear in the volume tables. In 

 the literature all these losses are stated at from 6 to 15 and even 

 20 per cent. 



The author has made careful comparisons on 13 sample areas 

 of pine from 61 to 100 years old, in which the difference between 

 the stock by volume tables, checked by Schiffel's form quotient 

 measurements, and the logging results varied between 2.4 and 

 14.7%, in the average about 8%, and including the cordwood 

 up to 15%. In another investigation on selection forest material 



