Periodical Literature. 641 



ing of prices due to hereto unopened sources of supply in export 

 countries becoming accessible (!). 



Die Belcihiing von Waldiingcn. Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt. 

 October, November, 191 1. Pp. 523-535. 



An excellent article by Mathey, describing 



Yields a typical composite forest or coppice with 



of standards gives a clear insight into this 



Coppice form of management which is most highly 



with developed in France. Since we believe that 



Standards. this same form will serve in this country 



as a transition to timber forest in many 



Eastern woodlots, it is worth while to pay attention to the same 



as practiced elsewhere. 



In France the production of oak workwood is perhaps the 

 principal aim of this management. 



The main problem is the determination of the overwood 

 amounts. 



Formerly, a large number of stems was supposed to be the 

 desirable aim, and the three age classes were distributed in num- 

 bers as 1 :2:3, etc., when 150 to 160 trees per acre were a maxi- 

 mum. Later, volumes were substituted for numbers ; but, as in 

 that case one stand of branchy overwood might produce a large 

 amount of mere fuel wood, another with the same volume a larger 

 amount of workwood, it became necessary to introduce a quality 

 consideration, if the description was to furnish a true picture, so 

 that Broillard introduced the distinction of stands rich in volume 

 (bdlivages riches) and those rich in numbers (balivages serres). 

 Experience showed that the maximum of workwood production 

 could be attained when the three overwood classes were distri- 

 buted as follows : 5-10% of the youngest ; 25-30% of the middle- 

 aged; 60-70% of the oldest of 17 inch diameter and over; alto- 

 gether averaging around 50 trees. In this composition the oak 

 standards produce 30 to 40 cubic feet of workwood per acre and 

 year, or in value say $8 to $12. In the alluvial soils, south of 

 Dijon the total wood production varies between 72 and 115 cubic 

 feet, or 93 cubic feet per acre, and experience shows a workwood 

 per cent, of 66, i. e. 62 cubic feet. With the lengthening of the 

 rotation in the coppice the workwood per cent, increases; e. g. 



