100 Kansas Academy of Science. 



29. Section in road cut on the Bellingham northeast diagonal 

 road, one mile south of Lawrence post-office : 



1. Sandy soil 2 feet. 



2. Sand 10 " 



3. Blue to yellow clay 15 " 



4. Blue clay 20 " 



30. Section on the Bellingham road two miles southwest of 

 Lawrence post-office : 



1. Soft blue clay 27 feet. 



This clay has been tested and is said to be a good potter's clay. 

 It is also said to be a good brick clay. In quantity it is almost 

 inexhaustible. 



At the base of this clay, 100 feet from the surface, in East Rome, 

 near Lawrence post-office, gas was struck ; but it was not in paying 

 quantities. 



FORMATIONS IN DETAIL. 



Trap. — A trap-rock dike was found running in an east and west 

 direction from near Abbott's Ford, British Columbia, to Sumas 

 lake. It is composed of schist and serpentine rock, through which 

 a ridge runs carrying gold, from fifty cents to a dollar and a half 

 per ton. The height of the dike ridge is 500 feet (estimated). 



Granite. — A patch of granite fills the triangle between the Su- 

 mas and Fraser rivers at their confluence. This area, which was 

 examined only in a very general way, was found to contain iron-ore 

 beds, the extent of which is yet undetermined. 



Eocene-Miocene (marked Eocene on the map). — This forma- 

 tion is composed of light bluish gray to light buff sandstones and 

 light gray to black carbonaceous shales, grading into seams of 

 more or less impure coal. The measured thickness, according to 

 Mr. Bailey Willis,^ is 10,000 feet. The formation is much broken. 

 Some earth blocks of it are raised to a high altitude, with the strata 

 still practically horizontal, an example being the greater part 

 of the Eocene area mapped in British Columbia; other earth 

 blocks are pitched at a high angle, sometimes reaching or exceed- 

 ing even ninety degrees. The formation seems to be of lake origin, 

 the coal-measures of Eocene age ; the series above the coal, Mio- 

 cene. Prof. F, H. Knowlton, of the United States Geological Sur- 

 vey, after correlating the fossils of this formation, places its age as 

 somewhere near the Middle Tertiary .^ For a more detailed de- 



1. Geological Survey of Washington, vol. I. part IV, p. 44. 



2. Preliminary Report on Fossil Plants from the.State of Washington, collected by Henry 

 Landes. 1901. 



