Geological Papers. 113 



holes. These kame-hills and kettles also seem to be intimately 

 connected in origin with the ice edge and to be due to marginal 

 conditions, such as the incorporation of ice fragments in the till, 

 the grounding of blocks of ice, the movement of the ice edge, and 

 the development of underground ice-sheets. Similar kames and 

 kettles were also found in other parts of the glaciated region. 

 Several kettles were noticed at Mountain View. 



Drumlins. — There are several boat-shaped knolls and ridges 

 east and north of Bellingham in the lee of the now existing Eocene- 

 capped hills, or of some projecting hard substance now beneath 

 the surface which resisted the wear and erosion of the ice. These 

 hills seem to have collected in a way similar to the way snow drifts 

 behind a wind obstruction, except that they were closed in at the 

 top and on the sides by ice. 



Sand-plains. — There are several sand-plains in the region, but 

 the only one specially noticed is that at Blaine, previously men- 

 tioned. 



OvERWASH AND Glacial Marine Delta DEPOSITS. — These are 

 given together here because the first merges into the second. The 

 whole area south of Blaine, except the estuary part, is covered with 

 overwash material which was deposited at or just below sea-level, 

 as is attested by the marine fossils. It is composed mostly of sand, 

 and ranges from a few inches to several feet in thickness. On the 

 Lummi peninsula, south of Fish Point, it was found to have been 

 dumped into the sea beyond the terminal moraine. There it accu- 

 mulated to a great thickness. 



Recent Deposits. — These are: Tide-water, semitide- water, 

 beach, delta, estuary, lake and swamp deposits. 



Tide-water Deposits. — These cover the area between high and 

 low tide- water marks both at the heads of Bellingham and Lummi 

 bays. They are composed mostly of sand. They are valued prin- 

 cipally for the setting of salmon nets and fish -traps, and for their 

 clam-beds. 



Semitide-water Lands.— These lands are situated at the mouth 

 of the Lummi river, and in the vicinity and to the northwest of 

 Marietta. They are flats over which high tides sometimes flood. 

 They are composed of marine sand and silt. They are seepy, sour 

 areas, which are mostly worthless. 



Beach Deposits. — These form the spits of the region, also the 

 narrow neck of land at the portage, and a narrow strip along the 

 coast in the vicinity of the government day-school building, 

 -8 



