244 Kansas Academy of Science. 



The head ornament usually consisted of eagle feathers so ar- 

 ranged on a buckskin covering as to represent the spread tail of a 

 bird with reverse side presented to the front. Back of this fan of 

 feathers were paintings of the greater gods, whose outlines were 

 formed with tiny images, beads of turquoise, and shells of various 

 kinds. 



The masks, with respect to the figures painted on them, were 

 four of a Kind. The symbol which the wearer represented occu- 

 pied the central position on the mask. These central figures con- 

 sisted of a disk surrounded by concentric bands in the sun and 

 moon drawings and by points in the star symbols. The disks of 

 all the figures were red, except those .of the moon, which were 

 white. The inner band of the sun was black, the outer was com- 

 posed of rays of red alternating with outer spaces of yellow. From 

 this outer band there projected darts in red ; one to the right, one 

 to the left, one toward the heavens above, and one toward the earth 

 beneath. The white disk of the moon was surrounded by a wide 

 yellow ring. From it four groups of peculiar-looking figures pro- 

 jected, one toward each of the four cardinal points when the mask 

 is laid flat on the ground, with one of the groups extending in a 

 cardinal direction. The Jemez Indians suppose that these groups 

 represent the rays of the moon. Each group consisted of two yel- 

 low figures inclined at a small angle from the perpendicular and 

 from each other. Each of these terminated at its outer end in a 

 blue disk. The whole looked much like a half-burned cigar, the 

 blue disk representing the ashy end. The stars were four-pointed. 

 The points of the morning star were black, those of the evening 

 star yellow. The disks of all the central symbols were god faces. 

 The eyes were triangular in shape, the mouth rectangular. Both 

 the eyes and the mouth were painted black. The outer figures on 

 the masks were at the right and at the left of the central emblem. 

 The drawings on the one side were the counterparts of those on the 

 other. The four pillars of clouds, painted black, projected out and 

 extended as a succession of steps along the rim of the mask almost 

 from its lower part, as the mask is worn, to its upper part. From 

 these cloud-pillars, or "steps from earth to heaven," as the Jemez 

 believe them to be, four figures, painted in striking and character- 

 istic colors, extend, one from each cloud projection in toward the 

 controlling symbol. The upper figurere presented the bolt light- 

 ning; the next lower a red, zigzag-bodied snake, having a blue head 

 from which a horn curved backwards like a goat's horn. This 

 figure is the emblem of evil. It is the Indian devil, Sawah. The 



