Miscellaneous Papers. 281 



GAGINGS OF SEWAGE FLOW AT LAWRENCE, KAN. 



By W. C. HOAD and A. H. Mann, University of Kansas, Lawrence. 



'T^HE following is a report of research work undertaken by Mr. 

 -*- A. H. Mann, an engineering senior at the University of Kan- 

 sas, the work being done under the direction of Prof. W. C. Hoad. 

 The report is written by Mr. Mann. 



Very little investigation of the actual rates of flow of sewage in 

 cities and towns has been made where this flow was observed con- 

 tinuously and for a considerable period. With the exception of 

 one set of gagings made on two main sewers in Des Moines, Iowa, 

 the writer was unable to find any record showing that gagings have 

 been made in this manner and on a large amount of sewers. 



These gagings at Des Moines were made by J. A. Moore and W. 

 J. Thomas, class of 1895, Iowa Agricultural College. Two main 

 sewers were gaged continuously for fifteen days. 



The gagings at Lawrence were made in order to obtain a record 

 of the continuous flow of sewage from a purely residence district 

 and for a considerable length of time. 



The conditions at Lawrence are especially favorable for this 

 work, as the city has separate systems of sewerage, and all the 

 sanitary sewers empty into the same outflow sewer. Another ad- 

 vantage for getting a record of the flow of house sewage is the fact 

 that there are few factories in Lawrence, and these are near the 

 river and have private sewers. 



There are about 17.9 miles of sewers in Lawrence, ranging in 

 sizes from eight inches to twenty-one inches in diameter. 



Gragings were made on the main outflow sewer at the intersec- 

 tion of Pennsylvania and Henry streets, this place being chosen 

 because the entire sanitary sewage of the city passes that point. 

 Continuous gagings were made for thirty days. 



Gagings were also made on the main sewer at the intersection 

 of Quincy and Connecticut streets, so that the flow from the purely 

 residential district could be studied. These gagings extended over 

 a period of thirty-eight days, beginning a short time before and 

 continuing during the same time as those on the main out- 

 flow sewer. The gagings were made during the months of March 

 and April, 1906, and the rainfall was about the average for this 

 section of the country. At times of heavy rains a large amount of 

 rain-water reaches the sewers directly through manhole and flush- 



