January 7, 1875. ] 



JOURNAL OF HORTIODLTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



i:^ 



Surrounding Pipes vor Bottom Heat to Cucujiberh IBfginnrr). — Tho 

 soil ought not to be placed npon the pipes, but be surrounded by rubble, 

 briclibats, or clinkers, and brought over the pipes about 6 inches, and over 

 these a layer of eods or tho rough parta of the cotupout, and upon thin tho 

 soil. The soil should be bruken up rather fine, but not tiifted. Mille's treatise 

 on Cucumber culture is probably tho best, but we think it is out of print. 

 Cuthill's is also good. 



He.vding Maiden Apple Trees (J. if.).— Being planted the paet autumn 

 they will be best headed-back in February, or bo aoon afterwards as the 

 weather is mild, but doing it at the first mild weather after the middle of the 

 month. 



Erkcting a Vinery (H-S.).— Arrange by all means to have the Viuea 

 planted inside, 13 inohea to la inches from the front wall. It \\ill be well, if 

 the subsoil is clay or wet, to pave the bottom either with bricks or pebbles, 

 and run the joints with cement. This base should have an incline to a drain, 

 or rather to a certain part where should be a drain, and laid upon tho 

 cemented floor, and this drain must have proper fall and outlet. You will 

 need a drain for the outside as well as inside boi'der, and lengthwise of the 

 border, having the inside one about 3 feet from the front wall, and the other 

 about 4 feet from the outside of the border. The front wall ought to be 

 ai'ched, ha\'iug 1-i-inch pillai's, with 2-feet to 2-feet-S-inch openings between 

 each. Tlie top of the arches should be flattish,so as to raise the top and 

 allow the roots to have freer access, nearer the surface, to the outside border 

 than were the arches semicircles. 



Kaspberries Unfruiitul (B. L. E.), — The situation is unquestionably 

 the cause of faihu-e, the shade being unfavourable to the perfection of the 

 growths. If they are a good kiud you may safely make a new plantation 

 from them, but choose an open though sheltered situation. Manuring 

 would help, and so would wateriiig, the fruit to swell, but the Lime roots 

 would appropriate a good deal of both. 



Peach and Nectarine Trees not Thriving {Idem), — Your eoil Ib against 

 the healthful growth of the trees. We should lift the whole of the trees, 

 and manuring liberally and adding some fresh soil— rather strong turfy loam 

 is best, and making the soil of the border very firm. The " wash " will not 

 cure the cancerous development, but is ^ood against insects. The leaves 

 "blister" owing to cold and sudden changes of temperature, which maybe 

 obviated or lessened by copings and canvas protection. 



Scale on Peach Trees and Myrtles {Q. M.).— The sprigs of Myrtle 

 and the shoots of Peach trees are infested with brown scale, which causes the 

 leaves and everything under and around the infested plants to be covered 

 with a gummy exudation or secretion called huneydew, and this drying affords 

 a medium for the development of black fungus. If you remove the scale the 

 other appearances will disappear. A solution uf soft soap, half a pound to a 

 quai't of water, adding to it half a wineglasstul of spirits of turpentine, and 

 thoroughly mixing and applying with a brush will destroy it, applying it at a 

 temperature of ISiO- to l40", taking care not to allow it to run down to the 

 roots, but to apply it to every part infested with the insects, both sides of the 

 leaves, and all round the shoots. 



Painting Flower Pots (I".). — It is injurious to paint the outside of 

 flower pots, as it takps away their porosity,' shutting the roots out of atmo- 

 spheric influences. The pots ought to be kept clean washed, free of mossy 

 accumulations. 



Trees for Lawn (C. J. W.). — The following are fine evergreen trees for a 

 lawn, but we should advise you to employ them at the margins or boundary, 

 leaving the centre comparatively open. Many lawns are spoiled by trees upon 

 them, as if the object were to cover it with trees without any regard to effect : 

 — Abies escelsa alba ; Cryptomeria elegans ; Cupressus Lawsoniana and vars. 

 gracilis, glauca nana, andstricta; Juniperus chiueusis, J. virginiana; Picea 

 grandis, P. nobilis, P. Xordmaoniana, P. pinsapo ; Pinus excelsa, P. cembra ; 

 Ketinospora pisifera, Tasus adpressa stricta, T. pyramidalis, T. elegantissima, 

 T. fastigiata; Thujopais borealis; Thuja Lobbi, T. orieutalis, and vars. aurea 

 and elegantissima ; Cedrus Deodara, C. atlantica, aud Araucaria imbricata, 

 with Wellintjtonia gigantea, which you name. Those are all evergreen and 

 Conifer*. Have a few (.iold and Hilver-variegated Hollies, and a Portugal 

 Laurel or two, and some lUiododendrons as specimens. We should also have 

 a few weeping trees, as Betula laciniata pondula, Fagus pondula, Fraxinus 

 excelsior pendula, Salix americaua pendula, S. caprea pendula, and Camper- 

 down Elm. A few flowering standard trees, as Cerasus japonica multiplex, 

 Double Pink, White, and Scarlet Thorn, Cytisua peudulum, Liriodendron 

 Tulipifera, Magnolia conspicua, Pyrus communis Bollwylleriana, and Pyrus 



pi'EBCOX. 



Everlasting and Ornamental Grasses (C. jf.).— Acroclinium roseum 

 and var. album, Ammobium alatum, a small white Everlasting ; it and the 

 two preceding being half-hardy annuals. Heliclirysum bracteatum and var. 

 alba, H. moustrosum album llure-plono, aud the following double varieties 

 of, U. monstrosum llore-pleno— atro-uoccineum, luteum, purpiu'eum, and 

 roseum; Rhodanthe maculata, its white variety (alba), and atrosanguinea, 

 R. Manglesi. The lihodanthes are half-hardy annuals. For iiuautity. the 

 best plan is to procure a " collection of double Helichrysums in ten varieties," 

 they being the best, adding the Acrocliniuiu, Ammobium, and lihodanthe if 

 you wish, but they are not nearly so profitable. Grasses are — Agrostis nebu- 

 losa, A. argentea; Bnza gracilis, B. maxima; Eragrostis elegans, Lasia- 

 gi'OBtis argentea, Paspalum elegans, Piptatherum Thomasi, and Stipa elegant- 

 issima. 



P.KONIA MouTAN FAILING [H. B. H.).— The tree Pirouies require no par- 

 ticulai' treatment, but require a rather light aud moderately rich soil, enrich- 

 ing it with leaf soil, vegetable refuse, or well-rotted manure, and planting 

 high rather than low, and about the same depth as, before, tUshuji-; around the 

 plant for watering, which should be done in di-y weather copioualy, tor want 

 uf which we think your plants have died. They require a sunny sheltered 

 situation. The plants, if they show for flower the year of planting, ought nut 

 to be allowed to do so, but take away the bud when it is clear of the leaves. 



CoNsERVATOiiv Construction (^ Constanl Reader).— The size ^f the squares 

 will depend upon the description and thickness of glass. If you use ordinary 

 21-oz. sheet glass, the squares should not be more than 12 to 15 inches in 

 width, and about three times the length of the width. When 26-oz. or 32-oz. 

 glass ia used the squares may bo 15 to 18 inches in width, and 3 to 4 feet in 

 length. We have these sizes, and with an eighth to three-sixteenths of an 

 inch lap, there has not been any breakage of glass from frost in four years. 

 We should have in each house a slate tank of (j feet length, and 3 feet width 

 and depth, which will give you about three hundred gallons of water, and 

 will be sufficiently large for a house of the dimensions you name. Have it 

 I'aised so that you can water your plants with a hose-pipe. It is desirable 



to have rain water, which is the best of all for tho plants, and in tho tank it 

 would be heated to the same temperature as that in which the plauts are 

 growing. 



Roller for Blind (/'. T., Duhliii).—1hQ diameter of the roller should 

 be 3 inches, and the wheel twice the diameter of the pole or roller, and have 

 an indent of about 6 inches width and 2 or 3 iuchcs deep to receive the cord. 

 The roller only rests upon the rafters, and the wheels are clear, running along- 

 side of tbc outside, and by having a wheel at the other end it will movo up 

 and down straight, about half an inch of play being left at each end. Tho 

 shading must, of course, be pressed each time the roller is run up or down, 

 but it does not injure the matenal any more than a mangle does linen. 



Elliot Copings (J. £.).— We have a letter for you, but have mislaid 

 your address. 



Arbor- ViT.K Planting (-4. B.).— Four feet apart is not too close for the 

 purpose you have in view, but the roots -will extend into the Asparagus bed 

 and injure the plants. 



Garden Labels. —Mr. J. Smith, Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon, 

 writes to us to t^ay that it might be inferred from what; has appeared incur 

 columns that he has discontinued making "imperibhable metallic labels." 

 That this is not the case, we may refer to BIr. Smith's advertisement now in 

 our columns. 



Names of Fruits (H. TT.).— The Pear is Thompson's, and the Apple 

 Royal Somerset. (D. M. P.).— Apples— 1, Braddick's Nonpareil; 2, Old Non- 

 pareil. Pears— I, Gilogil ; 2, Not known. (James Ducker tt; Son). — Devon- 

 shire Buckland. 



POULTRY, BEE, AND PIGEON OHEONIOLE. 



MILLOM (CUMBEBLAND) SHOW of POULTRY, &c. 



{From our own Correspondent.) 

 Fob several years, owing to the closing of the Ulverstou 

 Poultry Show, the extensive district of Lonsdale North of the 

 Sands, Lancashire, containing as it does many keen breeders of 

 poultry, was unrepresented. To remedy this, three years ago a 

 committee of gentlemen in the adjacent county of Cumberland, 

 connected with the Millom and Broughton Agricultural Society, 

 conceived the idea of holding a Show of poultry on New Year's 

 Day. Seeing that the Society has a wide radius, there being no 

 exhibition within a circle of some thirty miles, no astonish- 

 ment will be felt when we say that at the Show this year there 

 were no less than 272 entries. The Exhibition was held in the 

 new Town Hall, Millom, and was numerously attended. The 

 various classes were all well represented, nine silver cups, a 

 silver cream jug, and a silver cruet stand, in addition to the 

 money prizes, being offered for competition. 



" Oannie Cumberland " has an eye, it will be deduced from 

 the above, to the substantial as well as the beautiful. Before 

 the laws made it actionable for cock-fighting, few districts were 

 more noted for the breed of Game birds than was this, and the 

 pursuit has not been relinquished, a splendid class facing the 

 Judge on Friday. Mr, Teebay, one of the most experienced of 

 judges, said it was a long time since he had handled a better 

 bird than the one he awarded first cup honours to in Class 2, 

 belonging to Mr. John Wilson, of St. Bees, an exhibitor known 

 favourably at all the principal shows in the kingdom. The 

 Game Bantams were also a large class and much admired. 

 Bralunas, Cochins, aud Dorklnr/s showed to advantage, and as 

 table birds almost put Turkeys to the blush, some of the birds 

 being of great size aud extraordinary weight, whilst their eggs 

 shown on a table in the centre of the Hall, gave the lie direct 

 to Mrs. Partington's recently uttered libel on eggs generally. 

 Ducks were also a capital class, and the prize pens belonging to 

 Mr. J. W. Brockbank, The Croft, Kirksanton, an exhibitor of 

 wide note, led the uninitiated to ask whether they were not 

 looking at G-eese, so large were they in their proportions. 



The Pigeon Show this year was a new feature, yet many very 

 nice birds were shown. 



Game — .i/ij/ f'(fr(('(y.— rtttfc.— 1, r. il: W. Sumpton, Bother, Aspatria (Browu 

 Red), 'i, J. Tremble, Aapatria. 3, S. Kilev, Sunbreak. Itc. W. boulton. Park 

 bouse (Brown Red). Black-breasted and otiier iitd.s.— Cup, J WiUon, St, Bees. 



2, E. Swaiuaon, Higb Nibthwaite. 3, K. B. Hudson, Dalton-in-Furnesa. /ic,S. 

 Kiley ; W. Grice, Bootle. Ann othcrvariety. —l.W. iii^^in,\J\verston (Duek- 

 Avini^). 2, J. Maekereth, Cumberland (Duckmng). 3, J. \V. Brockbank, Ku-k- 

 aanton. 



Braiimas.— Cup, C. J. Myers, Brougbton-m-Fumeaa. 2 and 3, J. W. Broek- 

 bauk. ;«!, T. Bellman, Backbarrow(i); W, Birkett, Bootle. c, T. M. Swain- 

 son; G. Sandera, Bootle. Carnfortb. 



Cucui.NS.— ZjH.ir and l^artrid'je. — 1, J. O. Rigg. Ulverstou. 2, C. J. Myera. 

 S, E. Fearon, Wtiitehaven. c, iVIrs. Brockbank, Gartblani. Any other variety. 

 —1, T. M. Swainson, Millom (White). 2 aud 3, J. & T. Weeks, Bootle, Carnforth 

 (White). 



DoRKiNus.—l, E. Fearon. 2, J, Wilson. 3, Miss Knowlea. St. Bees. 



Spanihh.— Cup, J. Wilson. -2, .1. W Brockbauk. 3. J. Tremble. 



Game Bantams.— Biacfc-'jrc«.s(t(i and other Ittds.—Cai^ aud 2, W. Grice. 3, 

 H. A. Clark, Aapatria. }ic, H. .\. Clark; J. Burrow, Low Wood. Any other 

 varitty.~\, 3. and he, J. W. Brockbank (Duckwinga). 2, T. Bellman (Piles). 

 c, W. Higgiu (Piles). 



Hamburoiis.— Cup, J. Jackson, Drigg Station. 2, T. Bellman. 3, H. A. 

 Clark. 



Any other Variety.— 1, C. J. Myers (Houdans). 2, J. Allinsou (Houdana . 



3, H.A.Clark (Golden Polands) (if, R.J. Robinson, Ulverstou (Houdans); 

 Miss H. Robinaou, Wigtou (Houdana). 



Ducks.— ilouLii.—l aud 3, J. W. Brockbank. 2, S. Thornton, Millom. he, 

 R. J. Robinson. White Aylesbnry.—C\Hi. 2, and 3, J. W. Brockbank. 



Selling Class.- C'ocfc or Drafce.~Cup, L. Casson. Ulveraton (DuckwiiiE; 

 Game). 2, J. Taylor, Bootle (Bull' Cochin). 3, J. Wlute, Ulveraton ( Wluta 

 Cochin), /ic, E. Fearon (Cochin); J. Jackson (Golden-spangled Hamburgh) 



