lii 



JOURNAL OF HOETICULTUEE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



[ February 18, 1875. 



Winchester is not forgotten by the visitor. Such an avenue 

 i3 grand, and when the flowers are fully expanded in July their 

 fragrance, though powerful, is delicious. 



Being well known to and admired by the Romans, it is pro- 

 bable that they introduced it to this country ; but whether 

 they did so, or whether it was introduced from Germany, it is 

 certain that it was cultivated in England much earlier than 



woven into baskets ; it furnishes the cutting-board to shoe- 

 makers, and the sounding-boards of pianos ; it is largely used 

 for carved work — Grinlin Gibbons's beautiful carvings are of 

 this wood ; from its inner bark the mats woven in Russia, and 

 a few in Monmouthshire and Lincolnshire, and so well known 

 as bast, are made. This is an Anglo-Saxon name, for in that 

 language bicst is the inner bark of a tree. Three millions and 

 a half of these mats are annually ex- 

 ported from Russia, chiefly from the port 



-: of Archangel, and more than half a 



million of them come to England. In 

 southern Europe hats are made of bast, 

 and in Russia the upper parts of shoes ; 

 and their soles are made of the outer 

 bark of the Linden. Fishing nets are 

 made of it in Sweden, and in Carniola 

 the shepherds have their usual clothing 

 formed of a coarse fabric into which it is 

 woven. The wood when made into char- 

 coal is employed to form crayon pencils, 

 toothpowder, and gunpowder. The flowers 

 abound in honey, and are as valuable in 

 some districts to the apiarian as is the 

 heather in other localities. 



The " Kowno Honey," so highly valued 

 on the continent for making liqueurs and 

 in compounding medicines, is gatbered 

 by the bees from the extensive Lime 

 forests near Kowno in Lithuania. 



Such being the great utility of the Lin- 

 den, Pliny justly speaks of it as " the tree 

 of a thousand uses." 



The flowers are profusely numerous, 

 and are so peculiarly borne from the 

 centre of large yellowish green bracts, 

 that we add a wood engraving of this 

 mode of inflorescence. 



We must not conclude without remind- 

 ing our readers that the name of the first 



m. ^^^1% 



Fig. 40.— Tho Liudcn Tree. 



Fi^'. 1!.— Inflorescence. 



many have concluded. Turner in hia " Herbal," published in 

 1562, says, " Tilia is named in Greek Philyra, in Dutch Linden 

 baum, in English a Lind Tree. It groweth very plenteously in 

 Essex in a park within two miles of Colchester in the posses- 

 sion of one Master Boggis." 



This leads us to note the absnvj corruption of the name of 

 this tree now applied in this country. It has no relation either 

 to the true Lime, which is a Citrus, nor to tho earth called 

 lime. The true Englished name is the Line or Linden Tree, a 

 contraction of the Dutch and German name, which alludes to 

 the bark being employed for msking cord nnd other lines. 



The usefulness of the tree is great. Its extremely white 

 wood is turned into bowls, bread plates, &o. Its sprays are 



f fficiont inventor of botanical classification was derived from 

 tbis tree. Lind is its Ssvedish name ; and Linntens was applied 

 to tho earliest ancestor who bore it, probably [because his 

 dwelling was sheltered by Linden trees. 



TRANSPLANTING VINES, AND THE CUTTING- 

 DOWN PROCESS. 

 I, LIKE Mr. .1. Wright, am delighted to hear of Mr. Black- 

 burn's succpss in transplanting his old Vines. Now, in the 

 cutting-down process there are great repults to be obtained by 

 following Mr. .1. Wright's instructions in pngea 120 and 121 ; 

 but still there are greater results to be obtained if Grapo-growers, 



