486 



JOUKNAL OF HOETICULTDEE AND COTTAGE GARDENEB. 



[ June 24, 1875. 



way up the stems of old trees, and hanRing in natural wreaths 

 from the branches. Gloire de Dijon Rose may also be used 

 for this purpose, as also may Honeysuckles and the gorgeous 

 Clematis ; while for carpeting there are Golden Thyme, 

 Stachys, Muek, St. John'a Wort, London Pride, variegated 

 Coltsfoot, Ac. Specimens may include Spirffias, Fuchsia Kio- 

 cartoni and others. Anemone vitifolia and Honorino Jobert, 

 Martagon and other Lilies, and Psouies. Bulbs, too, will 

 make a pleasing feature, and may include Snowdrops, Snow- 

 flakes, Daffodils, Narcissus, and Jonquils. 



One thing I recommend specially to be avoided in all shrub- 

 beries, that is not to plant flowers in continuous lines along 

 the edges of shrubs, as was very commonly done in the Loudon 

 parks a few years since ; but plant in irregular masses between 

 and outside of the shrubs, covering all the soil so that not a 

 particle of it is visible. If turf is used between the shrubs 

 and the walk it should not be cut to a Hue next to the shrubs, 

 but should lose itself in them. 



Deciduous shrubs should not be trimmed up to look like an 

 exhibition Azalea, but when too thick some should be cut 

 clean out, or at least so managed that they will not show they 

 have been cut. Evergreen shrubs are not so objectionable- 

 looking when out in shape, but even these should not be 

 trimmed too much. — William Taylor. 



LATE PEAS. 



Seed sown at once will produce a crop of Peas in the autumn, 

 and a most valuable crop it is. For some years I have in the 

 north of England gathered Peas throughout November from 

 seed sown from the 20th to the 27th of June in each year, and 

 I know of no crop which has been more serviceable and more 

 prized. Owing to hot weather there is generally a dearth of 

 Green Peas towards the autumn ; the plants, when in bloom 

 and podding, cannot sustain the drought, but in a younger 

 state they may be carried through, and will swell to perfection 

 with the autumn rains. Three things must be borne in mind 

 in preparing for this latest crop — viz., a hardy vigorous sort 

 must be selected, the seed must be sown in trenches, and 

 several rows must he sown at the same time. 



The sort I have found the best for late autumn use is Ne 

 Plus Ultra. It resists mildew, is a continuous grower and 

 podder, and is of good quality. Other sorts will produce Peas 

 in the autumn ; but I have found none in all respects so good 

 as this fine old sort. It sets its flowers well in wet weather, 

 and is of good flavour, even if the haulm is browned by frost. 

 As a dwarf variety Hair's Mammoth is good for late use ; but 

 where sticks are plentiful I commend No Plus Ultra. In 

 October, if growing very vigorously, it is advisable to pinch-o£f 

 the tips of the growth, for at that season the late flowers 

 cannot perfect peas, and the lower pods will be accelerated in 

 the swelling. 



They must be sown in trenches, or they may languish in the 

 tropical weather of July and August. If on the level it is 

 impossible to give them sufficient water, but if in trenches it 

 is easy to give a thorough deluge once a week. The trenches 

 should be as wide apart as possible, and be dug-out much the 

 same as for Celery, and have some manure dug-in deeply. If 

 the rows are close together the flowers will not set in the 

 autumn, for the haulm then grows exuberantly, and is long- 

 jointed and sparse of bloom it lacking air. Hows of Ne Plus 

 Ultra for this latest sowing should be 8 feet apart. 



A large breadth should be sown. It must be remembered 

 that there can be no succession to this sowing, and that the 

 crop itself will not bear a third of the produce it would if 

 sown in February or March. The crop will yield its own suc- 

 cession so long as open weather continues. I have in an ex- 

 ceptional season gathered from the same rows in October and 

 in December. Suppose three rows to be sufliL-ient in the 

 ordinary Pea season, nine rows will be necessary to give ample 

 gatherings so late as this crop will be. But what of the 

 ground ? Well, it is generally as easy to find ground for nine 

 rows now as for threo rows in March or April. Kows of early 

 Potatoes can be taken out where the Peas are required, or the 

 Cabbage or htte Broccoli ground is vacant. 



Perhaps the early Potatoes may not be sufficiently ripe to 

 dig up by whole rows at a time for table use, but they are ripe 

 enough for seed. These unripe Potatoes make the very best 

 of seed. I cannot eay why it is, but many years' experience 

 enables mo to vouch for the fact thatPotutoou which are taken 

 np when in an uoripe state will yield crops fully as early and 

 quite as heavy as will those which had been left in the ground 



to become matured. In fact, I have found after repeated 

 trials that the unripe seed is the best. It is also the only 

 means I know of resisting the disease. 



Now, if an abundance of Green Peas can be produced in the 

 late autumn months, and at the same time a supply of sound 

 early Potatoes are provided for planting, the work is surely 

 recommendable. Every fourth row of Potatoes taken up and 

 the ground thoroughly Eoaked with liquid manure — say guano 

 water of a strength of 1 to 2 ozs. per gallon — will afford space 

 sufiiciently enriched for the growth of Peas. This plan is 

 merely suggested as affording room for the Peas when other 

 ground is not vacant, and because the practice has been tried 

 and has answered well. By the time this late crop of Peas 

 requires support sticks from the earlier crops will be at liberty, 

 and only need to be removed from the dying rows to those 

 which are in full and vigorous growth. The early sorts of 

 Peas are often sown at this season, and occasionally yield 

 useful produce ; but should a term of tropical weather set in 

 when they are 6 inches high it is almost impossible to prevent 

 them from flowering, and their produce is then neither late 

 nor bountiful. Marrows, and especially the sort named, will, 

 on the other hand, pass through the drought under which 

 weaker sorts succumb, and will give a supply of Peas of good 

 quality even when the rows are white by frost. 



Occasionally an early and severe frost has spoiled a quantity 

 of Peas on these late rows ; but more than once I have been 

 sufficiently wide awake to gather them on the approach of 

 danger, and by sticking the full pods closely together in wet 

 sand and out of the reach of frost the Peas have been kept 

 for a fortnight as fresh and good as if growing on the haulm. 

 By that means I have been enabled to supply an occasional 

 dish of excellent Peas when the ground has been covered 

 with 6 inches of snow, and once to a dinner party where the 

 guests had sharpened their appetites by an afternoon's skating 

 on the lake. The verdict was that this dish of Peas was 

 decidedly late and undoubtedly good. They were Ne Plus 

 Ultras. — A Nobthern Gardener. 



BUTTON-HOLE ROSES. 



Before answering the query of " H. M. H." I must make 

 a few observations. For button-holes I think handsome buds 

 with fine sepals and good foUage, or partially expanded Rosea 

 of the globular form, are best. In hot weather expanded 

 Roses, if the petals are flimsy, will soon be withered. We 

 want more silica (flint) in our petals. Moss Roses are best 

 in their unexpanded form, for when fully expanded they lose 

 their mossy character. I will give a list of Roses suitable for 

 the purpose among the summer and autumnal Roses. 



Summer Hoses. — Moss, Common Moss, the Crested, and 

 Vandae. 



Variegated Roses. — ffiillet Parfait, Madeleine, and Trioolore 

 de Flandres. These must be expanded to see their beauty. 



The following Roses should be only partially open — Coupe 

 d'Hebe and White Provence. 



Atiiumnnl Roses. — These should be in bud form, or only 

 partially expanded. Jules Margottin, fine sepals ; Madame C. 

 Joigneaux, Claude Levet, most beautiful red-curiant crimson 

 and nicely scented, which is not the case with Etienne Levet, 

 which is otherwise very good. The next are in the line of 

 yellow, and are good ; Maruchal Niel, Gloire de Dijon, Celine 

 Forestier, and Triomphe de Rennes. The above are best for 

 the purpose when only partially open. 



Tea Roses. — Devoniensis, Souvenir d'Elise Vardon, and 

 Madame Willermoz. 



Bourhon. — Souvenir de la Malmaison, best in the autumn. 

 The following Hybrid Perpetuals may be expanded fully : — 

 Charles Leftbvre, Sonateur Vaisse, Madame Victor Terdier, 

 Cecilu de Chabrillant, Duke of Edinburgh, and Marguerite de 

 St. Amand. Madame Kuorr is most beautiful in bud form. 

 The next lot are high-coloured, varying from crimson purple to 

 maroon, and should be expanded when used for the button- 

 hole. They are beautiful. The two first I name are new and 

 admirable Roses, both by E. Verdier — John Harrison, Theodore 

 Buchelet; Abbe Bramerel, Maxime de la Rocheterie, Baron 

 Chaurand, most beautiful; and Dr. Jamaiu, very beautiful. 

 The next is a new Rose, fiery crimson, good, and good for the 

 purpose when fully expanded — Firebrand (W. Pnul). 



I regret that some of our late and good Roses have no scent. 

 I thank Mr. Gamm for calling attention to that excellent quality, 

 iu which the Bourbons and China Roses are deficient. Souvenir 

 de la Milmaison is the only scentless Rose named above. 



