Aspects of European Forestry. 47 



erei) and conducts all the Ranger business thereon. For another 

 consecutive five months he acts as Supervisor of a designated 

 portion of the Oberforsterei (National Forest) under the gen- 

 eral direction and assistance of the Oberforster (Supervisor). 

 The Referendar has access to all the files, joins with the Super- 

 visor in preparing the customary reports and in short acts in the 

 capacity of a Deputy Supervisor. 



Furthermore, he must spend four months in preparation of a 

 Working Plan (Plan of Management). 



The Forstreferendar is obliged to keep a complete diary of 

 his work and of all technical observations which he may make. 

 On the first of each month this diary is viseed by the Oberforster 

 and it must be shown all higher officials who visit the Ober- 

 forsterei (National Forest). 



A Forstreferendar may be dismissed from the Service for a 

 breach of the moral code, for unsatisfactory progress in educa- 

 tion or for physical disability. The Oberforster must make fre- 

 quent, complete reports to his superiors as to the work and charac- 

 ter of Referendars on his Oberforsterei. 



The Referendar is now ready to try the Assessor Examination. 

 This examination he can not take more than six years after the 

 Referendar Examination. If he passes, he becomes a Forst- 

 assessor and is eligible for a Supervisorship. If he fails he may 

 repeat the examination once, although, if the showing he made 

 was very poor he is apt to be dismissed then and there from the 

 career. 



Even a Forstassessor has no claim to permanent employment 

 and remuneration. However, after six years of satisfactory 

 service as a Forstassessor, the title and emolument of an Ober- 

 forster is granted him, even though there may not yet be a va- 

 can Oberforsterei for him to administer. Until these six trial 

 years have elapsed, a Forstassessor may be dismissed as unsuit- 

 able for the Service. After receiving an appointment as Ober- 

 forster he can be removed only as an extreme disciplinary meas- 

 ure. 



Thus, a man who enters this protracted cursus honorum at the 

 age of twenty as a Forstbeflissener becomes a Forstreferendar 

 at about twenty-four, a Forstassessor at possibly twenty-eight, 

 and an Oberforster at about thirty-four. This explains the re- 



