Aspects of European Forestry. 57 



When the purchaser is ready to remove the wood, he turns in 

 the receipt to the Ranger. The Ranger sees that the proper wood 

 is removed without damage to the standing timber, etc., and then 

 reports the fact to the supervisor. The supervisor then has his 

 clerk enter the cutting in the Control Book. Part A* where for 

 each ']?igtn' — or Distriktf — there is a page divided into "Haupt- 

 nutztmg" and "Vornutzung" — i. e. final cuttings of mature or 

 nearly mature stands (and where over 5% of the entire volume 

 of a stand must be removed because of fungus, insect, fire or 

 other injuries) and thinnings, clearings, small fungus or insect 

 cuttings, etc. 



The total cut of the year** is entered in the Control Book Part 

 C (Part B has long since been abandoned) which summarizes the 

 Hauptnutzung. Vornutzung and the total, according to Major 

 Products (sawtimber, cordwood, etc.) and Minor Products 

 (stumps, brush, etc.). These totals are compared with the Al- 

 lowed Annual Cut as given in the Working Plan, and the bal- 

 ance, be it a plus or minus sum, carried forward and used as the 

 basis of the Cutting Plan for the year following. An Ober- 

 forster may not exceed the allowed annual cut more than 5% 

 without the Oberforstmeister's consent; over 10% requires the 

 consent of the "Minister" himself. 



The proof of any pudding is in the eating. The Prussian ad- 

 ministration may seem very intensive, but it pays for itself, and 

 the results both financially and silviculturally are striking. On 

 a specified forest in West Prussia the net income has been per 

 acre: 1869; $2.86; 1874, $3.09; 1879, $4.30; 1884, $5.14; 1894, 

 $8.40; and 1905, $19.18 net, per acre. 



*See : "The Theory and Practice of Working Plans", John Wiley & 

 Sons, New York. 



fFor management purposes the Forest is divided as follows :.5/oc^ (a 

 unit of sustained j-ield) about 2,000 acres, Jagen or (in mountains) Dis- 

 trikt — about 50-100 acres each — Abteilung (Compartment) and_ Unter- 

 abteilung (Sub-compartment). The Jagen is for systematic division; the 

 Abteilung a part of Jagen requiring diflFerent treatment. 



**The management year is October to October; the fiscal year April to 

 April. 



