102 Forestry Quarterly. 



pheric humidity pine develops well in moderately dense stands 

 after the crowns have closed in the 40th year. Even at the end 

 of a rotation of 150 years there are many suppressed individuals 

 in an unthinned stand whose well developed, thrifty crowns indi- 

 cate the tolerance of the species under favorable conditions. 



However in spite of the fairly close crown cover which stands 

 of pine form, the soil is apt to deteriorate without underplanting. 

 This should be done when the soil conditions demand it, pre- 

 ferably from 40 to 60 years before the end of the rotation, so as 

 to obtain salable material from the understory. Spruce and beech 

 are the species recommended for this purpose. A marked ad- 

 vantage of the former is its ability to fill in any gaps which may 

 occur in the pine crown. For, although a tolerant species, spruce 

 responds very quickly to the stimulus of light and quickly rises 

 from a suppressed position when the shade is removed. 



K. W. 



Uber das Sichlichten und die Bekandlung alterer Kiefernbestdnde. 

 Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt. May, 1912. Pp. 254-262. 



Forstmeister Rebman at Strassburg reports 

 Propagation on his experience with the growing of 

 of Jiiglans regia, nigra and cinerea, which he 



Juglans. has grown for the last three decades. 



Soil and climate, which suit the English 

 (Persian) Walnut, also suit our two walnuts, except that ours 

 are less liable to frost, but make still greater demands than regia 

 on depth, looseness and freshness of soil. 



For regia, it is stated, that it occurs on the greatest variety of 

 soils, but, of course, with different development. Eighty-year 

 trees average, b. h. diameters, on poor sand of 16 to 17 inches; on 

 slate, 20 to 22 inches ; on better diluvial sand, 22 to 24 ; on lime 

 and loam soils, 26 to 28 inches. 



The first attempt at nut culture in 1882 was made with 3 to 4 

 year transplants like oak, ash or maple, and failed. The cause 

 assigned is the inability of remedying any injury to the roots. 

 The first year root of nigra consists of a taproot, up to 30 inch 

 long beset directly with fibers ; on more compact or gravelly soil, 

 several shorter roots' may develop. Even transplanting in the first 

 year can hardly be done without damage and the plants suffer. 

 Hence sowing is the only proper way for propagation. Yet, if 



