lo8 Forestry Quarterly. 



plantation. With spruce stands handled by the selection method 

 beech regeneration may be secured either naturally or artificially, 

 depending upon the presence or absence of suitable seed trees. 

 Where new stands are to be started, a mixture of spruce and beech 

 is advocated, with other valuable species inserted in favorable 

 sites. For example, ash should be planted in the damp places 

 and hornbeam in the frost "holes". As nurse trees for the slower 

 growing, tolerant spruce and beech, pine and larch are recom- 

 mended. The harvesting of these will frequently give by-products 

 valuable enough to pay the cost of establishing the stand. 



K. W. 



Begrilndung der Mischbestande von Pichten und Buchen. Forstwis- 

 senschaftliches Centralblatt. June, 1912. Pp. 297-309. 



After an excursion to nearby points of 



Natural interest the second day was spent in discus- 



Regeneration sing natural regeneration in coniferous 



vs. stands, treatment of poorly nourished 



Planting. stands. 



The first subject brought out all the 

 arguments in favor of using natural regeneration instead of 

 planting to re-establish coniferous stands. By reason of the cost 

 of planting and the soil deterioration resulting from clear cutting, 

 a cheaper method of natural regeneration (the group method) 

 which conserves the soil moisture has been worked out. Some 

 50 years' experience in various places prove it to be a success. 

 The different steps in the method most commonly used are : 



1. Advance cutting of defective trees which stimulates the seed 

 production of the trees left. 



2. Removal of the best and largest trees over groups of seed- 

 lings. 



3. Gradual opening of the holes occupied by the young growth, 

 thus letting in more light as needed. 



In discussing poorly nourished stands five main causes were 

 recognized. The importance of good seed was emphasized and 

 reference made to the recent discoveries in the importance of 

 hereditary traits in plants. The damage done by weed growth, 

 especially heather, was given due weight. The sterility of soils 

 containing raw humus and dry peat was indicated. Allusion was 

 also made to the injury caused by wound fungi, and to diseases 



