Some Aspects of European Forestry 141 



right in the temporary nursery, to form the future stand at this 

 point. 



Occasional sites which are too poor for the native pine have been 

 planted to the American "Jack Pine" (Finns divaricata^) and 

 Pitch pine (Finns rigida) with indifferent success. The latter is 

 usually seen in mixture with the native pine which it was supposed 

 to assist. Douglas fir (Fseudotsuga taxifolia) has been used with 

 good success in mixture with the native pine on fresh soils. 



The natural regeneration of pine is, as stated, uncommon. 

 Sometimes a shelterwood system is used, where the stand though 

 not yet mature is in poor condition, requiring heavy thinning, but 

 instead of depending on natural seedlings which would be apt to 

 suffer from the tremendous competition with weeds and sod, 

 strips are hacked as for sowing, and these are planted up, usually 

 with one or two year old seedlings. 



Forstmeister Kienitz in Chorin (Brandenburg) is trying a new 

 departure in pine reproduction — the Wagner selection border 

 method mentioned above. He has applied it to a fully mature 

 stand of practically pure Scotch pine making selection cuttings in 

 thirty-five foot wide strips, some 550 feet apart; from East to 

 West the strips run and progress in a southerly direction. In 

 cutting these strips all trees which lean into it, from either side 

 are removed, thus the regenerated strips cannot be damaged in 

 subsequent fellings. The tops are lopped and the brush scattered 

 — as indeed is commonly the practice here since Dr. Schwappach 

 demonstrated that not only does proper brush scattering increase 

 the humus, and mitigate erosion and frost, but actually prevents 

 evaporation to such an extent that a covered (sand) soil contains 

 four times as much water as an uncovered (sand) soil. Here 

 too, as everywhere, the stumps have been cut to the very ground, 

 and, in addition, covered with sand to prevent insects breeding 

 there. 



By this method. Dr. Kienitz hopes to regenerate the area com- 

 pletely in 20 years, and where natural regeneration fails seed will 

 be sown. 



The true selection system and the group method (or its vari- 

 ation, the "oil spot method" ) are not used in commercial forests, 

 but in the city forest surrounding Eberswalde it finds very success- 



In European nomenclature, this is Banksian pine — Pinus Banksiana. 



