Ecological Studies on a Sand Plain. 155 



sapling growth, 58 per cent, poles, 12 per cent, standards, and 2 

 per cent, veterans (over 24 inches). 



The reproduction is overwhelmingly fir, which occurs to the 

 extent of 1,600 seedlings per acre. The percentage composition 

 in the reproduction was found to be: 



Balsam Fir 75% Red Pine 2% 



White Pine 13 Red Oak 2 



Hard Maple 4 Hemlock i 



Beech 3 



Among the woody shrubs the Hazelnut predominates with 49 

 per cent, of the total. The Blueberries and Moosewood make up 

 the remainder with 29 per cent, and 22 per cent, respectively. 

 They are approximately two-thirds as numerous as beneath the 

 Red Pine association. 



The bracken also falls off in numbers, being only one-half 

 as abundant as in the other formation. 



The flowering herbs vary considerably from the Red Pine 

 flora. They are one-third more abundant and several new species 

 enter, while a number is left out. The composition is as below, 

 those with asterisk (*) being the new comers, in response to 

 changed soil or light conditions : 



Gaultheria procumbens 55% Clintonia borealis 3. ^o 



*Mitchellai repens 11 Pyrola sp. .7 



Cornus canadensis 7 Goodyera sp. .2 



^Diervilla Ionic era 6 * Viburnum alnifolium .2 

 *Aralia nudicaulis 5 Majanthemum canadense . i 



Chimaphilla umbellata 5 * Viola sp. .1 



Trientalis americana 3 



It will be noted that the Twinflower, Honeysuckle and Trailing 

 Arbutus are lacking. 



The sandy soil is finer than is the case with the Red Pine as- 

 sociation- The percentage of coarse gravel is .09 per cent. The 

 mechanical analysis of the fine earth of a typical sample yields 

 the following percentages : 



